Neuroprotective effects of adenosine isolated from Cordyceps cicadae against oxidative and ER stress damages induced by glutamate in PC12 cells.

Abstract

Glutamate has been proven to induce oxidative stress through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased calcium overload which results in neuronal injury, development of neurodegenerative diseases and death. Adenosine is one of the bioactive nucleosides found in Cordyceps cicadae and it has displayed several pharmacological activities including neuroprotection. In this study, the protective effects of adenosine from C. cicadae against glutamate-induce oxidative stress in PC12 cells were evaluated. The exposure of PC12 cells to glutamate (5mM) induced the formation of ROS, increased Ca(2+) influx, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and up regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax. However, pretreatment with adenosine markedly increased cell viability, decreased the elevated levels of ROS and Ca(2+) induced by glutamate. Furthermore adenosine increased the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, as well as retained mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced the expression of ERK, p38, and JNK. Overall, our results suggest that adenosine may be a promising potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

• Authors: Opeyemi J Olatunji, Yan Feng, Oyenike O Olatunji, Jian Tang, Zhen Ouyang, Zhaoliang Su, Dujun Wang, Xiaofeng Yu
• Journal: Environmental toxicology and pharmacology (Environ Toxicol Pharmacol) Vol. 44 Pg. 53-61 (Jun 2016) ISSN: 1872-7077 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 27114365 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Bax protein, rat
• Neuroprotective Agents
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
• Reactive Oxygen Species
• bcl-2-Associated X Protein
• Glutamic Acid
• Malondialdehyde
• Glutathione Peroxidase
• Superoxide Dismutase
• Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
• Adenosine
• Calcium

Topics

• Adenosine (pharmacology)
• Animals
• Apoptosis (drug effects)
• Calcium (metabolism)
• Cell Survival (drug effects)
• Cordyceps
• Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (drug effects)
• Glutamic Acid (toxicity)
• Glutathione Peroxidase (metabolism)
• Malondialdehyde (metabolism)
• Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial (drug effects)
• Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (metabolism)
• Neuroprotective Agents (pharmacology)
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• PC12 Cells
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 (metabolism)
• Rats
• Reactive Oxygen Species (metabolism)
• Superoxide Dismutase (metabolism)
• bcl-2-Associated X Protein (metabolism)