Relationship between ST8SIA2, polysialic acid and its binding molecules, and psychiatric disorders.

Abstract

Polysialic acid (polySia, PSA) is a unique and functionally important glycan, particularly in vertebrate brains. It is involved in higher brain functions such as learning, memory, and social behaviors. Recently, an association between several genetic variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ST8SIA2/STX, one of two polysialyltransferase genes in vertebrates, and psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), was reported based on candidate gene approaches and genome-wide studies among normal and mental disorder patients. It is of critical importance to determine if the reported mutations and SNPs in ST8SIA2 lead to impairments of the structure and function of polySia, which is the final product of ST8SIA2. To date, however, only a few such forward-directed studies have been conducted. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying polySia-involved brain functions remain unknown, although polySia was shown to have an anti-adhesive effect. In this report, we review the relationships between psychiatric disorders and polySia and/or ST8SIA2, and describe a new function of polySia as a regulator of neurologically active molecules, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine, which are deeply involved in psychiatric disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.

• Authors: Chihiro Sato, Masaya Hane, Ken Kitajima
• Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta (Biochim Biophys Acta) Vol. 1860 Issue 8 Pg. 1739-52 (Aug 2016) ISSN: 0006-3002 [Print] Netherlands
• PMID: 27105834 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
• Sialic Acids
• polysialic acid
• CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-poly-alpha-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase
• Sialyltransferases
• Dopamine

Topics

• Brain (metabolism)
• Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (genetics, metabolism)
• Dopamine (genetics, metabolism)
• Genome-Wide Association Study
• Humans
• Mental Disorders (genetics, metabolism)
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
• Sialic Acids (genetics, metabolism)
• Sialyltransferases (genetics, metabolism)