Combination Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Prevents Vaginal Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Macaques Harboring Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Abstract

Genital inflammation associated with sexually transmitted infections increases susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but it is unclear whether the increased risk can reduce the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We investigated whether coinfection of macaques with Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis decreases the prophylactic efficacy of oral emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Macaques were exposed to simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) vaginally each week for up to 16 weeks and received placebo or FTC/TDF pericoitally. All animals in the placebo group were infected with SHIV, while 4 of 6 PrEP recipients remained uninfected (P= .03). Oral FTC/TDF maintains efficacy in a macaque model of sexually transmitted coinfection, although the infection of 2 macaques signals a modest loss of PrEP activity.

• Authors: Jessica Radzio, Tara Henning, Leecresia Jenkins, Shanon Ellis, Carol Farshy, Christi Phillips, Angela Holder, Susan Kuklenyik, Chuong Dinh, Debra Hanson, Janet McNicholl, Walid Heneine, John Papp, Ellen N Kersh, J Gerardo García-Lerma
• Journal: The Journal of infectious diseases (J Infect Dis) Vol. 213 Issue 10 Pg. 1541-5 (May 15 2016) ISSN: 1537-6613 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 26743846 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
• Copyright: Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

Chemical References

• Anti-HIV Agents
• Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination

Topics

• Animals
• Anti-HIV Agents (therapeutic use)
• Chlamydia Infections (complications)
• Chlamydia trachomatis (isolation & purification)
• Coinfection
• Disease Models, Animal
• Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination (therapeutic use)
• Female
• HIV Infections (prevention & control)
• Humans
• Macaca mulatta
• Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
• Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (prevention & control)
• Trichomonas Vaginitis (complications)
• Vagina (microbiology, virology)