Oxidative signature of cerebrospinal fluid from mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease patients.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Several studies suggest that pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain begin around 10-20 years before the onset of cognitive impairment. Biomarkers that can support early diagnosis and predict development of dementia would, therefore, be crucial for patient care and evaluation of drug efficacy. Although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ42, tau, and p-tau are well-established diagnostic biomarkers of AD, there is an urgent need to identify additional molecular alterations of neuronal function that can be evaluated at the systemic level.

OBJECTIVES:

This study was focused on the analysis of oxidative stress-related modifications of the CSF proteome, from subjects with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

METHODS:

A targeted proteomics approach has been employed to discover novel CSF biomarkers that can augment the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of current leading CSF biomarkers. CSF samples from aMCI, AD and control individuals (CTR) were collected and analyzed using a combined redox proteomics approach to identify the specific oxidatively modified proteins in AD and aMCI compared with controls.

RESULTS:

The majority of carbonylated proteins identified by redox proteomics are found early in the progression of AD, i.e., oxidatively modified CSF proteins were already present in aMCI compared with controls and remain oxidized in AD, thus suggesting that dysfunction of selected proteins initiate many years before severe dementia is diagnosed.

CONCLUSIONS:

The above findings highlight the presence of early oxidative damage in aMCI before clinical dementia of AD is manifested. The identification of early markers of AD that may be detected peripherally may open new prospective for biomarker studies.

• Authors: Fabio Di Domenico, Gilda Pupo, Esther Giraldo, Mari-Carmen Badìa, Paloma Monllor, Ana Lloret, Maria Eugenia Schininà, Alessandra Giorgi, Chiara Cini, Antonella Tramutola, D Allan Butterfield, José Viña, Marzia Perluigi
• Journal: Free radical biology & medicine (Free Radic Biol Med) Vol. 91 Pg. 1-9 (Feb 2016) ISSN: 1873-4596 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 26675344 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Amyloid beta-Peptides
• Apolipoproteins E
• Biomarkers
• Peptide Fragments
• Proteome
• amyloid beta-protein (1-42)
• tau Proteins

Topics

• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Alzheimer Disease (cerebrospinal fluid, diagnosis)
• Amino Acid Sequence
• Amyloid beta-Peptides (cerebrospinal fluid)
• Apolipoproteins E (cerebrospinal fluid)
• Biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid)
• Case-Control Studies
• Cognitive Dysfunction (cerebrospinal fluid, diagnosis)
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Molecular Sequence Data
• Oxidation-Reduction
• Oxidative Stress
• Peptide Fragments (cerebrospinal fluid)
• Proteome (metabolism)
• tau Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid)