Milk products are good sources of
calcium that may reduce
bone resorption and help prevent bone loss as well as promote bone remodeling and increase bone formation. Kefir is a product made by kefir grains that degrade
milk proteins into various
peptides with health-promoting effects, including antithrombotic, antimicrobial and
calcium-absorption enhancing bioactivities. In a controlled, parallel, double-blind intervention study over 6 months, we investigated the effects of kefir-fermented milk (1,600 mg) supplemented with
calcium bicarbonate (CaCO3, 1,500 mg) and bone metabolism in 40
osteoporosis patients, and compared them with CaCO3 alone without kefir supplements. Bone turnover markers were measured in fasting blood samples collected before
therapy and at 1, 3, and 6 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) values at the spine, total hip, and hip femoral neck were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and at 6 months. Among patients treated with kefir-fermented milk, the relationships between baseline turnover and 6 months changes in DXA-determined BMD were significantly improved. The serum β
C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) in those with T-scores > -1 patients significantly decreased after three months treatment. The formation
marker serum osteocalcin (OC) turned from negative to positive after 6 months, representing the effect of kefir treatment. Serum
parathyroid hormone (PTH) increased significantly
after treatment with kefir, but decreased significantly in the control group. PTH may promote bone remodeling
after treatment with kefir for 6 months. In this pilot study, we concluded that kefir-fermented milk
therapy was associated with short-term changes in turnover and greater 6-month increases in hip BMD among osteoporotic patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02361372.