Abstract |
Increasing evidences showed that the survival of macrophages promotes atherogenesis. Macrophage apoptosis in the early phase of atherosclerotic process negatively regulates the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. We demonstrated that a natural anti-oxidant apigenin could ameliorate atherogenesis in ApoE(-/-) mice. It reduced the number of foam cells and decreased the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-6. Our results showed that oxidized low-density lipoprotein ( oxLDL) led to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Apigenin-induced apoptosis and downregulated the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. It is further supported by the use of zVAD, a pan- caspase inhibitor, demonstrating that apigenin lowered cytokine profile through induction of macrophage apoptosis. Moreover, apigenin-induced Atg5/Atg7-dependent autophagy in macrophages pretreated with oxLDL. Results illustrated that autophagy inhibition increased apigenin-induced apoptosis through activation of Bax. The present findings suggest that oxLDL maintained the survival of macrophages and activated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines to initiate atherosclerosis. Apigenin-induced apoptosis of lipid-laden macrophages and resolved inflammation to ameliorate atherosclerosis. In conclusion, combination of apigenin with autophagy inhibition may be a promising strategy to induce foam cell apoptosis and subdue atherogenic cytokines.
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Authors | Qun Wang, Ping Zeng, Yuanliang Liu, Ge Wen, Xiuqiong Fu, Xuegang Sun |
Journal | International immunopharmacology
(Int Immunopharmacol)
Vol. 27
Issue 1
Pg. 24-31
(Jul 2015)
ISSN: 1878-1705 [Electronic] Netherlands |
PMID | 25899084
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Apolipoproteins E
- Cytokines
- Inflammation Mediators
- Lipoproteins, LDL
- Oligopeptides
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein
- benzyloxycarbonyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartic acid
- oxidized low density lipoprotein
- Apigenin
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Topics |
- Animals
- Apigenin
(administration & dosage, adverse effects)
- Apolipoproteins E
(genetics)
- Apoptosis
(drug effects)
- Atherosclerosis
(drug therapy, immunology)
- Autophagy
(drug effects)
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines
(blood)
- Inflammation
(drug therapy, immunology)
- Inflammation Mediators
(blood)
- Lipoproteins, LDL
(metabolism)
- Macrophages
(drug effects, immunology)
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Oligopeptides
(administration & dosage)
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein
(genetics, metabolism)
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