Trichomes, small protrusions on the surface of many plant species, can produce and store various secondary metabolic products.
Artemisinin, the most famous and potent medicine for
malaria, is synthesized, stored, and secreted by Artemisia annua trichomes. However, the molecular basis regulating the biosynthesis of
artemisinin and the development of trichomes in A. annua remains poorly understood. Here, we report that an AP2
transcription factor, TRICHOME AND
ARTEMISININ REGULATOR 1 (TAR1), plays crucial roles in regulating the development of trichomes and the biosynthesis of
artemisinin in A. annua. TAR1, which encodes a
protein specially located in the nucleus, is mainly expressed in young leaves, flower buds, and some trichomes. In TAR1-RNAi lines, the morphology of trichomes and the composition of cuticular wax were altered, and the
artemisinin content was dramatically reduced, which could be significantly increased by TAR1 oeverexpression. Expression levels of several key genes that are involved in
artemisinin biosynthesis were altered when TAR1 was silenced or overexpressed. By the electrophoretic mobility shift, yeast one-hybrid and transient transformation β-
glucuronidase assays, we showed that ADS and CYP71AV1, two key genes in the biosynthesis pathway of
artemisinin, are likely the direct targets of TAR1. Taken together, our results indicate that TAR1 is a key component of the molecular network regulating trichome development and
artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua.