Abstract | IMPORTANCE: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relative frequency of caudate nucleus dopaminergic and forebrain cholinergic deficits across a spectrum of cognitively impaired patients with PD to explore their relative, individual, and combined contributions to cognitive impairment in PD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional study at an academic movement disorders clinic that included a predominantly nondemented cohort of 143 patients with PD. The mean (SD) age of patients was 65.5 (7.4) years and the mean (SD) Hoehn and Yahr stage was 2.4 (0.6). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Binary classification of carbon 11-labeled [11C]PMP acetylcholinesterase and caudate nucleus [11C]DTBZ monoaminergic positron-emission tomography imaging based on normative data. The frequency of significant degenerative processes based on normative values was determined for consecutive intervals of cognitive impairment, ranging from no or minimal (z > -0.5) to more severe (z ≤ -2) cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Across the spectrum from minimal (z > -0.5) to more severe (z ≤ -2) global cognitive impairment scores, caudate nucleus dopaminergic denervation was relatively frequent in individuals with minimal or no cognitive changes (51.1%) and increased in patients with more severe cognitive impairments (χ2 = 12.8; P = .01). Cortical cholinergic denervation frequency increased monotonically with increasing cognitive impairment from 24.7% (z > -0.5) to 85.7% (z ≤ -2); χ2 = 23.2; P = .001). Eighty-seven percent of patients with neocortical cholinergic deficits had caudate nucleus dopaminergic deficits. Multiple regression analysis (F = 7.51; P < .001) showed both independent cognitive predictions for caudate nucleus dopaminergic (F = 7.25; P = .008) and cortical cholinergic (F = 7.50; P = .007) degenerations as well as interaction effects (F = 5.40; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
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Authors | Nicolaas I Bohnen, Roger L Albin, Martijn L T M Müller, Myria Petrou, Vikas Kotagal, Robert A Koeppe, Peter J H Scott, Kirk A Frey |
Journal | JAMA neurology
(JAMA Neurol)
Vol. 72
Issue 2
Pg. 194-200
(Feb 2015)
ISSN: 2168-6157 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 25506674
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.)
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Chemical References |
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Topics |
- Acetylcholine
(metabolism)
- Aged
- Caudate Nucleus
(pathology)
- Cerebral Cortex
(pathology)
- Cholinergic Neurons
(pathology)
- Cognition Disorders
(etiology, pathology, physiopathology)
- Dopamine
(metabolism)
- Dopaminergic Neurons
(pathology)
- Female
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Parkinson Disease
(complications, pathology, physiopathology)
- Positron-Emission Tomography
(methods)
- Severity of Illness Index
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