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Movement Disorders (Movement Disorder)

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Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.

Also Known As:

Movement Disorder; Orofacial Dyskinesia; Movement Disorder Syndromes; Oral Dyskinesia; Dyskinesia Syndrome; Dyskinesia, Lingual-Facial-Buccal; Dyskinesia, Orofacial; Dyskinesias, Lingual-Facial-Buccal; Dyskinesias, Orofacial; Lingual Facial Buccal Dyskinesia; Lingual-Facial-Buccal Dyskinesias; Movement Disorder Syndrome; Orofacial Dyskinesias; Dyskinesia Syndromes; Etat Marbre; Lingual-Facial-Buccal Dyskinesia; Status Marmoratus

Networked: 1592 relevant articles (99 outcomes, 148 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 3640
- Central Nervous System Diseases: 1028
  - Movement Disorders: 1592

Related Diseases

1.	Dystonia (Limb Dystonia)
2.	Dyskinesias (Dyskinesia)
3.	Tremor (Tremors)
4.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease)
5.	Dystonic Disorders (Writer's Cramp)

Experts

1.	Kulkarni, Shrinivas K: 19 articles (01/2009 - 05/2002)
2.	Chopra, Kanwaljit: 10 articles (01/2009 - 01/2007)
3.	Bishnoi, Mahendra: 10 articles (01/2009 - 01/2007)
4.	Jankovic, Joseph: 9 articles (09/2009 - 08/2004)
5.	Singh, Amanpreet: 9 articles (02/2006 - 05/2002)
6.	Naidu, Pattipati S: 9 articles (02/2006 - 05/2002)
7.	Rocha, João B T: 8 articles (04/2009 - 02/2003)
8.	Lozano, Andres M: 8 articles (10/2008 - 01/2002)
9.	Vitek, Jerrold L: 8 articles (04/2008 - 01/2002)
10.	Fenton, M: 8 articles (01/2007 - 01/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Movement Disorders:

1.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 09/15/2001 - "Botulinum toxin (BTX) has been used successfully to treat various movement disorders, and is increasingly used for many other medical conditions. " 02/01/2000 - "BACKGROUND: Locally administered botulinum toxin, or BTX, is an effective treatment for various movement disorders. " 05/01/1997 - "Botulinum toxin is widely used for the treatment of focal movement disorders, where chemodenervation is used to decrease hyperactivity in selected muscles. " 06/01/1995 - "Botulinum toxin A injection is thus a simple, safe, and effective out-patient treatment for patients with various kinds of movement disorders but it is a costly therapy." 08/01/2007 - "Following a pilot study, the 28-item Patient Knowledge Questionnaire on Botulinum Toxin Use in Movement Disorders (PKQ-BMD) was utilized to assess efficacy of current educational tools by comparing scoring of patients to that of the general population, as well as to identify information resources, target demographics for education, and key counseling topics. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 01/01/2006 - "CONCLUSIONS: The use of the second-generation antipsychotics as first-line treatment of psychosis appears to have lowered the overall prevalence of acute movement disorders as well as TD, and have led them to become the standard of care in part because of their safer extrapyramidal profiles." 06/15/1998 - "Both syndromes are characterized by delayed onset of persistent orofacial dyskinesias in a sub-group of subjects chronically treated with neuroleptics. " 01/01/2008 - "Atypical antipsychotics: CATIE study, drug-induced movement disorder and resulting iatrogenic psychiatric-like symptoms, supersensitivity rebound psychosis and withdrawal discontinuation syndromes." 01/01/2006 - "One study (n=20) found no significant differences in oral dyskinesia (RR 2.45 CI 0.3 to 19.7) when neuroleptics were compared as a specific treatment for TD. " 01/01/2002 - "Data from clinical trials reviewed in this article fulfill predictions based on preclinical findings that atypical antipsychotic drugs are associated with a reduced potential for inducing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and other movement disorders. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Levodopa (L Dopa)FDA LinkGeneric 07/15/2004 - "The use of DBS of the STN and GPi is very effective for the treatment of movement disorders induced by levodopa. " 05/01/1994 - "Although L-dopa decarboxylase inhibitors were markedly effective in alleviating these symptoms, an adverse reaction due to the agent was observed as the form of oral dyskinesia. " 12/01/2007 - "In this article, we review recent studies in rodent models, which have uncovered two principal alterations at the basis of the movement disorder, namely, an abnormal pre-synaptic handling of exogenous L-DOPA, and a hyper-reactive post-synaptic response to DA. " 08/01/2008 - "RESULTS: Both patients suffered from a progressive and complex L-dopa responsive movement disorder. " 01/01/2004 - "It was found that the early stage of the disease might include isolated depression, minimal movement disorders and functional compensation, the latter being observed during L-Dopa treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Clozapine (Clozaril)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2000 - "BACKGROUND: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug, which is claimed to have superior efficacy and to cause fewer movement disorders. " 01/01/2010 - "CONCLUSIONS: Clozapine may be useful in the management of movement disorders and related symptoms so long as adequate supervision and monitoring can be provided." 12/15/1994 - "Further study in larger populations is needed before any definitive conclusions about clozapine's place in movement disorder therapy can be made." 01/01/2010 - "METHODS: To evaluate safety and efficacy in a naturalistic setting, we conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients ever treated with clozapine at a movement disorders clinic in Rhode Island. " 09/01/2008 - "To investigate the use of clozapine in this context in a Brazilian sample, a retrospective chart review was carried out at the Movement Disorders Clinic from the Federal University of Minas Gerais. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2000 - "Risperidone is less effective in achieving clinical improvement and preventing dropout but outcomes relating to movement disorders change little. " 01/01/2007 - "Evaluating movement disorders in pediatric patients receiving risperidone: a comparison of spontaneous reports and research criteria for TD." 01/01/2005 - "Risperidone is particularly associated with movement disorders and sexual dysfunction. " 01/01/2005 - "The incidence of movement disorders was low, and mean Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale scores decreased during risperidone treatment. " 07/01/2004 - "Severity of movement disorders decreased during long-acting risperidone treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Vitamin B 6IBA 11/01/2004 - "In earlier studies, vitamin B6 was found to be effective in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders. " 09/01/2003 - "[Vitamin B6 add-on therapy in treatment of schizophrenic patients with psychotic symptoms and movement disorders]" 07/01/2008 - "Some clinical experiments showed that vitamin B6 may ameliorate different drug-induced movement disorders, including tardive dyskinesia (TD). " 01/01/2002 - "Vitamin B6 has been reported to be effective in treatment of patients suffering from different kinds of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders including parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. " 07/01/1999 - "Several reports have suggested that vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) can be helpful in the treatment of some neuroleptic-induced movement disorders, including parkinsonism and TD. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox)FDA Link 03/01/2005 - "OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare the safety, effectiveness, and duration of clinical effect of BOTOX and Dysport and Dysportdagger after drug switching (Dysport to BOTOX) among patients with movement disorders. " 04/01/2001 - "The antinociceptive effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), based on preclinical studies and clinical experiences in treating movement disorders and other painful conditions, will also be reviewed to illustrate how this compound may act as it alleviates the discomfort associated with various conditions. " 10/01/1999 - "METHODS: Patients had enrolled in a prospective study for their movement disorders, 18 cases with Botox and 22 cases with CBTX-A were studied. " 11/15/2009 - "Here, we report seven patients with lingual movement disorders treated with intralingual Botox (Allergan product) injections via a novel superior approach into the genioglossus over a period of 3 to 72 months. " 09/01/1994 - "Botulinum A toxin injection is the most recent and effective treatment of various movement disorders especially focal dystonia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	ziprasidone (Geodon)FDA Link 10/01/2008 - "CONCLUSION: Ziprasidone was well tolerated, and patients demonstrated significant improvement in metabolic parameters and in all movement disorder assessments. " 12/01/2000 - "Movement disorder scale scores improved with ziprasidone i.m. " 09/01/2007 - "There were no significant changes in standard movement disorder measures from the core study baseline during long-term ziprasidone treatment. " 12/01/2009 - "The onset of OGC after exposure to ziprasidone without simultaneous use of other antipsychotic suggests a casual relationship between the former and the movement disorder. " 01/01/2007 - "Ziprasidone-related movement disorders occurred infrequently." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	olanzapine (Zyprexa)FDA Link 01/01/2008 - "Results for various movement disorders all favoured olanzapine. " 06/01/2000 - "Unexpectedly low levels of striatal relative %D2/D3 receptor occupancy were seen in two patients with typical antipsychotic-drug-induced movement disorder prior to switching to olanzapine. " 02/01/1997 - "Olanzapine was associated with significantly fewer adverse movement disorders (e.g. " 05/01/2002 - "The authors report two cases of schizophrenia in which olanzapine proved to be an efficacious antipsychotic medication associated with the remission of movement disorder." 01/01/2003 - "Olanzapine caused greater weight gain than placebo (WMD 1.91Kg, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.53) and somnolence (RR: 2.13 95% CI 1.62 to 2.79) but not more depressive symptoms (RR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.40) or movement disorder (WMD: -0.33, 95% CI -0.74 to 0.09). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Clonazepam (Rivotril)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2009 - "The movement disorder significantly improved after use of 1mg/day of clonazepam without the need to switch to another SGA. " 04/15/2008 - "Multiple rhythmic movement disorders in a teenage boy with excellent response to clonazepam." 10/01/2001 - "A successful clonazepam treatment without tolerance in a patient with spontaneous oral dyskinesia." 09/01/1997 - "Clonazepam treatment of rhythmic movement disorders." 09/04/1976 - "Clonazepam in treatment of tardive oral dyskinesia ]letter]" Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Deep Brain Stimulation 01/01/2006 - "Functional neurosurgery has benefited from these technologies, as deep brain stimulation surgery has become the standard of care for most cases of movement disorder surgery. " 05/01/2004 - "Quantifying movement disorders is becoming crucially important in neurosurgery units to evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic interventions such as deep brain stimulation. " 01/01/2009 - "OBJECTIVES: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is nowadays considered a safe and effective procedure for various movement disorders in which conservative treatments have failed to show significant therapeutic results. " 08/27/2008 - "Because deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior subthalamic nucleus (STN), which modulates the sensorimotor BG network, is beneficial in movement disorders, stimulation of the anterior, limbic STN might improve intractable behavioral disorders. " 03/01/2010 - "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been increasingly utilized for the therapeutic treatment of movement disorders, and with the advent of this therapy more postoperative urgencies and emergencies have emerged. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Injections 09/01/2003 - "Injectable neuromuscular blockade in the treatment of spasticity and movement disorders." 01/05/1998 - "Movement disorders induced by gamma-aminobutyric agonist and antagonist injections into the internal globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata of the monkey." 01/01/1998 - "The indications for performing injections under EMG guidance in different forms of movement disorders are discussed. " 11/01/2002 - "A total of 2,616 treatment cycles (multiple injections) were administered to 235 patients with cervical dystonia (CD), hemifacial spasm (HS), blepharospasm (BP), and other movement disorders. " 05/15/1998 - "The present study shows that injections of NMDA into the retrorubral nucleus elicits orofacial dyskinesia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Electrodes (Electrode) 06/01/2005 - "The authors conclude that intraoperative monitoring of sEMGs of the affected muscles of patients with movement disorders during stereotactic surgery provides sensitive and quantitative information that can contribute to improved electrode or lesion placement." 01/01/1962 - "Depth electrode studies of thalamus and basal ganglia in movement disorders in man." 10/01/2009 - "RESULTS: From 1997 to the end of 2008, 100 DBS electrodes were inserted in 55 patients for movement disorders, mostly for Parkinsons disease (50 patients). " 06/01/2009 - "Patients were videotaped 1 year postoperatively and assessed by a movement disorder neurologist blinded to electrode tip locations. " 09/01/2008 - "Electrode stimulation of deep brain regions for movement disorders is the current practice, whereas 10 years ago the same disorders were dealt with by lesioning of the relevant regions. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Vagus Nerve Stimulation 12/01/1993 - "Vagal nerve stimulation may prove efficacious in the treatment of movement disorders of the larynx; further study is needed." 11/01/2009 - "Interest in evaluating these sites for treatment of epilepsy has been enhanced by the success of vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy and DBS for movement disorders. " 01/01/2004 - "More recently, deep brain stimulation has been used successfully to treat patients with movement disorders and vagus nerve stimulation has been shown to effectively decrease seizure activity in a select population of epilepsy patients. " 05/01/2003 - "Although use of deep brain stimulation for applications beyond movement disorders will no doubt involve placing the stimulating electrode(s) in regions other than the thalamus, subthalamus, or globus pallidus, the use of vagus nerve stimulation for applications beyond epilepsy-for example, depression and eating disorders-is unlikely to require altering the hardware significantly (although stimulation protocols may differ). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Pallidotomy 11/01/2006 - "Surgery for movement disorders (thalamotomy, pallidotomy, and subthalamic nucleotomy or subthalamotomy) was largely ablative (lesion-based). " 06/01/2002 - "Based on the reevaluation of the results of functional neurosurgery for movement disorders from Leksell's group, pallidotomy as lesional procedure was the first functional operation that underwent a renaissance for the treatment of movement disorders. " 07/01/1999 - "MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with medically refractory movement disorders underwent stereotactic radiosurgical pallidotomy (n = 2) or thalamotomy (n = 15). " 04/01/1998 - "The increased use of ablative movement disorder surgery, pallidotomy, and thalamotomy must be followed by our better understanding of regional neuroanatomy, use of imaging and physiologic techniques for targeting, and methods of lesion creation. " 01/01/1997 - "Posteroventral pallidotomy in movement disorders." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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