Do genetic mutations and genotypes contribute to onychomycosis?

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The variability in susceptibility to onychomycosis for individuals exposed to the same environmental risk factors raises the possibility that there may be individuals with a genetic predisposition to dermatophyte infection.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether there are genetic mutations or genotypes which contribute to onychomycosis.

METHODS:

The PubMed database was searched for examples of immune deficiencies resulting in dermatophyte infections.

RESULTS:

There are mutations in the innate immune receptors Dectin-1 and its adaptor protein CARD9 which result in familial mucocutaneous infections. There are also specific human leukocyte antigen genotypes that are more common in individuals and families with a high prevalence of onychomycosis. In addition, some patients have been reported with insufficient levels of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. These deficits impair a full innate and adaptive immune response and may result in chronic or recurrent infections.

CONCLUSIONS:

There are documented mutations and genotypes that contribute to familial and individual susceptibility to onychomycosis.

• Authors: Aditya K Gupta, Fiona C Simpson, William C Brintnell
• Journal: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) (Dermatology) Vol. 228 Issue 3 Pg. 207-10 ( 2014) ISSN: 1421-9832 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 24686315 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Chemical References

• CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins
• CARD9 protein, human
• Lectins, C-Type
• dectin 1

Topics

• Adaptive Immunity
• CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins (genetics)
• Databases, Factual
• Female
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease (epidemiology)
• Genotype
• Humans
• Immunity, Innate (physiology)
• Incidence
• Lectins, C-Type (genetics)
• Male
• Mutation
• Onychomycosis (epidemiology, genetics, immunology)
• Prognosis