Association between plasma triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and microvascular kidney disease and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a global case-control study in 13 countries.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Microvascular renal and retinal diseases are common major complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The relation between plasma lipids and microvascular disease is not well established.

METHODS AND RESULTS:

The case subjects were 2535 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an average duration of 14 years, 1891 of whom had kidney disease and 1218 with retinopathy. The case subjects were matched for diabetes mellitus duration, age, sex, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to 3683 control subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who did not have kidney disease or retinopathy. The study was conducted in 24 sites in 13 countries. The primary analysis included kidney disease and retinopathy cases. Matched analysis was performed by use of site-specific conditional logistic regression in multivariable models that adjusted for hemoglobin A1c, hypertension, and statin treatment. Mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was 2.3 mmol/L. The microvascular disease odds ratio increased by a factor of 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.22) for every 0.5 mmol/L (≈1 quintile) increase in triglycerides or decreased by a factor of 0.92 (0.88-0.96) for every 0.2 mmol/L (≈1 quintile) increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. For kidney disease, the odds ratio increased by 1.23 (1.16-1.31) with triglycerides and decreased by 0.86 (0.82-0.91) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Retinopathy was associated with triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in matched analysis but not significantly after additional adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS:

Diabetic kidney disease is associated worldwide with higher levels of plasma triglycerides and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among patients with good control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Retinopathy was less robustly associated with these lipids. These results strengthen the rationale for studying dyslipidemia treatment to prevent diabetic microvascular disease.

• Authors: Frank M Sacks, Michel P Hermans, Paola Fioretto, Paul Valensi, Timothy Davis, Edward Horton, Christoph Wanner, Khalid Al-Rubeaan, Ronnie Aronson, Isabella Barzon, Louise Bishop, Enzo Bonora, Pongamorn Bunnag, Lee-Ming Chuang, Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Ronald Goldenberg, Benjamin Harshfield, Cristina Hernández, Susan Herzlinger-Botein, Hiroshi Itoh, Weiping Jia, Yi-Der Jiang, Takashi Kadowaki, Nancy Laranjo, Lawrence Leiter, Takashi Miwa, Masato Odawara, Ken Ohashi, Atsushi Ohno, Changyu Pan, Jiemin Pan, Juan Pedro-Botet, Zeljko Reiner, Carlo Maria Rotella, Rafael Simo, Masami Tanaka, Eugenia Tedeschi-Reiner, David Twum-Barima, Giacomo Zoppini, Vincent J Carey
• Journal: Circulation (Circulation) Vol. 129 Issue 9 Pg. 999-1008 (Mar 04 2014) ISSN: 1524-4539 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 24352521 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Cholesterol, HDL
• Hypolipidemic Agents
• Triglycerides

Topics

• Aged
• Biomarkers (blood)
• Case-Control Studies
• Cholesterol, HDL (blood)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, complications)
• Diabetic Nephropathies (blood, epidemiology, etiology)
• Diabetic Retinopathy (blood, epidemiology, etiology)
• Dyslipidemias (prevention & control)
• Female
• Humans
• Hypolipidemic Agents (therapeutic use)
• Incidence
• Internationality
• Male
• Microvessels (physiopathology)
• Middle Aged
• Multivariate Analysis
• Risk Factors
• Triglycerides (blood)