Innate antiviral signalling in the central nervous system.

Abstract

The innate immune system mediates protection against neurotropic viruses capable of infecting the central nervous system (CNS). Neurotropic viruses include herpes simplex virus (HSV), West Nile virus (WNV), rabies virus, La Crosse virus, and poliovirus. Viral infection triggers activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), and cytosolic DNA sensors. Although originally characterised in peripheral immune cells, emerging evidence points to important roles for these PRRs in cells of the CNS. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which these PRRs provide protection against neurotropic viruses, and discuss instances in which these responses become detrimental and cause immunopathology in the CNS.

• Authors: Michael Carty, Line Reinert, Søren R Paludan, Andrew G Bowie
• Journal: Trends in immunology (Trends Immunol) Vol. 35 Issue 2 Pg. 79-87 (Feb 2014) ISSN: 1471-4981 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 24316012 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Inflammasomes
• Receptors, Pattern Recognition
• Toll-Like Receptors

Topics

• Animals
• Central Nervous System (immunology, virology)
• Central Nervous System Viral Diseases (immunology)
• Humans
• Immunity, Innate
• Inflammasomes (immunology)
• Models, Immunological
• Receptors, Pattern Recognition (immunology)
• Signal Transduction (immunology)
• Toll-Like Receptors (immunology)