APE1/Ref-1 is a main regulator of cellular response to oxidative stress via DNA-repair function and co-activating activity on the NF-κB
transcription factor. APE1 is central in controlling the oxidative stress-based inflammatory processes through modulation of
cytokines expression and its overexpression is responsible for the onset of chemoresistance in different
tumors including
hepatic cancer. We examined the functional role of APE1 overexpression during hepatic cell damage related to
fatty acid accumulation and the role of the redox function of APE1 in the inflammatory process. HepG2 cells were stably transfected with functional and non-functional APE1 encoding plasmids and the protective effect of APE1 overexpression toward genotoxic compounds or FAs accumulation, was tested. JHH6 cells were stimulated with TNF-α in the presence or absence of
E3330, an APE1 redox inhibitor.
IL-8 promoter activity was assessed by a
luciferase reporter assay, gene expression by Real-Time PCR and
cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-12) levels measured by ELISA. APE1 over-expression did not prevent cytotoxicity induced by
lipid accumulation.
E3330 treatment prevented the functional activation of NF-κB via the alteration of APE1 subcellular trafficking and reduced
IL-6 and
IL-8 expression induced by TNF-α and FAs accumulation through blockage of the redox-mediated activation of NF-κB. APE1 overexpression observed in
hepatic cancer cells may reflect an adaptive response to cell damage and may be responsible for further cell resistance to
chemotherapy and for the onset of inflammatory response. The efficacy of the inhibition of APE1 redox activity in blocking TNF-α and FAs induced inflammatory response opens new perspectives for treatment of inflammatory-based
liver diseases.