Total n-3 fatty acid and SFA intakes in relation to insulin resistance in a Canadian First Nation at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

The present study sought to investigate the associations of total n-3 fatty acid and SFA intakes with insulin resistance in a Canadian First Nation sample at risk for type 2 diabetes.

DESIGN:

Fasting values for glucose and insulin were used to estimate insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Intakes of n-3 fatty acids and SFA were computed from dietary food and drink data obtained using 3 d food records. Associations between HOMA-IR and dietary n-3 and SFA consumption were tested using linear regression models accounting for age, sex, community, education, physical activity, waist circumference, fibre, protein and carbohydrate intakes, and HDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations.

SETTING:

Rural Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada.

SUBJECTS:

On-reserve First Nation individuals (Interior Salishan) aged 18 years and over, recruited for community-based diabetes screening and determined to be normoglycaemic (n 126).

RESULTS:

HOMA-IR was negatively associated with dietary n-3 fatty acid intake (β = -0·22; 95 % CI -0·39, -0·04; P = 0·016) and positively associated with dietary SFA intake (β = 0·34; 95 % CI 0·15, 0·53; P = 0·0 0 1).

CONCLUSIONS:

Intake of dietary n-3 fatty acids may be protective against whereas SFA intake may promote insulin resistance in this high-risk Canadian First Nation sample. Reduced dietary SFA intake and greater n-3 fatty acid intake may assist the prevention of glycaemic disease among First Nations peoples. More rigorous, controlled trials are required to test whether dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids in natural or supplement-based form might reduce diabetes risk in high-risk aboriginal groups.

• Authors: Catherine Paquet, Sarah L Propsting, Mark Daniel
• Journal: Public health nutrition (Public Health Nutr) Vol. 17 Issue 6 Pg. 1337-41 (Jun 2014) ISSN: 1475-2727 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 23517921 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Fatty Acids
• Fatty Acids, Omega-3
• Insulin

Topics

• Adult
• Blood Glucose (metabolism)
• British Columbia
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (ethnology, etiology, prevention & control)
• Fatty Acids (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Fatty Acids, Omega-3 (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Female
• Humans
• Indians, North American
• Insulin (metabolism)
• Insulin Resistance
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Reference Values
• Risk Factors