Abstract | OBJECTIVE: STUDY DESIGN: Using a well-characterized FAS model, timed, pregnant C57BL6/J mice were treated on gestational day (E) 8 with alcohol (0.03 mL/g), placebo, or alcohol plus peptides. Embryos were evaluated at 2 time points: after 6 hours and 10 days later at E18. A panel of cytokines/ chemokines was measured using a microsphere-based multiplex immunoassay (Luminex xMAP; Millipore, Billerica, MA). Statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis, with P < .05 considered significant. RESULTS: Six hours after treatment, interleukin (IL)-6 and keratinocyte chemoattractant cytokine (KC) were not detectable in the control embryos. Alcohol treatment resulted in detectable levels and significant increases in IL-6 (median, 15.7; range, 10.1-45.9 pg/mL) and KC (median, 45.9; range, 32.5-99.1 pg/mL). Embryos exposed to alcohol plus NAP plus SAL had undetectable IL-6 and KC (both P < .003), similar to the controls. Alcohol exposure resulted in a significant increase of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF) (P < .003) as compared with controls, and treatment with NAP plus SAL prevented the alcohol-induced increase. IL-13 and IL-1β were decreased 6 hours after alcohol exposure, and exposure to alcohol plus NAP plus SAL did not completely ameliorate the decrease. At E18, 10 days after exposure, these alterations were no longer present. Several analytes (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed, and secreted, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and IL-4) were not detectable at either time point in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: Prenatal alcohol exposure acutely results in a significant elevation of IL-6, G-CSF and the KC, which are known to affect N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. NAP plus SAL treatment prevented alcohol-induced increases. This provides additional insight into the mechanism of alcohol damage in FAS and NAP plus SAL prevention of neurodevelopmental anomalies.
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Authors | Robin Roberson, Thea Kuddo, Ines Benassou, Daniel Abebe, Catherine Y Spong |
Journal | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
(Am J Obstet Gynecol)
Vol. 207
Issue 6
Pg. 499.e1-5
(Dec 2012)
ISSN: 1097-6868 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 23174390
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2012 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Chemokines
- Cytokines
- Immunologic Factors
- Interleukin-6
- Oligopeptides
- seryl-alanyl-leucy-leucyl-arginyl-seryl-isoleucyl-prolyl-alanine
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
- keratinocyte-derived chemokines
- Ethanol
- davunetide
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Topics |
- Animals
- Chemokines
(drug effects, metabolism)
- Cytokines
(metabolism)
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ethanol
(toxicity)
- Female
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
(drug therapy, metabolism)
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
(drug effects, metabolism)
- Immunologic Factors
(metabolism)
- Interleukin-6
(metabolism)
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oligopeptides
(pharmacology)
- Pregnancy
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