Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), an endogenous
gaseous mediator, has been shown to exert protective effects against damage to different organs in the human body caused by various stimuli. However, the potential effects of H(2)S on
hypoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis and its mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we exposed mouse hippocampal neurons to hypoxic conditions (2% O(2), 5% CO(2) and 93% N(2) at 37 °C) to establish a hypoxic cell model. We found that 4-h
hypoxia treatment significantly increased intracellular
reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and pretreatment with
NaHS (a source of H(2)S) for 30 min suppressed
hypoxia-induced intracellular ROS elevation. The
hypoxia treatment significantly increased cytosolic
calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)), and pretreatment with
NaHS prevented the increase in [Ca(2+)](i). Additionally,
polyethylene glycol (
PEG)-catalase (a H(2)O(2) scavenger) but not
PEG-SOD (an O(2)(-) scavenger) conferred an inhibitory effect similar to H(2)S on the
hypoxia-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i). Furthermore, we found that pretreatment with
NaHS could significantly inhibit
hypoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis, which was also inhibited by
PEG-catalase or the
inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)) receptor blocker
xestospongin C. Taken together, these findings suggest that H(2)S inhibits
hypoxia-induced apoptosis through inhibition of a ROS (mainly H(2)O(2))-activated Ca(2+) signaling pathway in mouse hippocampal neurons.