Lifestyle factors affecting gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: a cross-sectional study of healthy 19864 adults using FSSG scores.
Abstract | BACKGROUND: METHODS: To elucidate lifestyle factors affecting GERD symptoms, 19,864 healthy adults in Japan were analyzed. Sub-analyses of 371 proton pump inhibitor (PPI) users and 539 histamine H₂-receptor antagonist (H₂RA) users were also performed. Using the FSSG (Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD) score as a response variable, 25 lifestyle-related factors were univariately evaluated by Student's t-test or Pearson's correlation coefficient, and were further analyzed with multiple linear regression modelling. RESULTS: Average FSSG scores were 4.8 ± 5.2 for total subjects, 9.0 ± 7.3 for PPI users, and 8.2 ± 6.6 for H₂RA users. Among the total population, positively correlated factors and standardized coefficients (β) for FSSG scores are inadequate sleep (β = 0.158), digestive drug users (β = 0.0972 for PPI, β = 0.0903 for H₂RA, and β = 0.104 for others), increased body weight in adulthood (β = 0.081), dinner just before bedtime (β = 0.061), the habit of midnight snack (β = 0.055), lower body mass index (β = 0.054), NSAID users (β = 0.051), female gender (β = 0.048), lack of breakfast (β = 0.045), lack of physical exercise (β = 0.035), younger age (β = 0.033), antihyperglycemic agents non-users (β = 0.026), the habit of quick eating (β = 0.025), alcohol drinking (β = 0.025), history of gastrectomy (β = 0.024), history of cardiovascular disease (β = 0.020), and smoking (β = 0.018). Positively correlated factors for PPI users are female gender (β = 0.198), inadequate sleep (β = 0.150), lack of breakfast (β = 0.146), antihypertensive agent non-users (β = 0.134), and dinner just before bedtime (β = 0.129), whereas those for H₂RA users are inadequate sleep (β = 0.248), habit of midnight snack (β = 0.160), anticoagulants non-users (β = 0.106), and antihypertensive agents non-users (β = 0.095). CONCLUSIONS: Among many lifestyle-related factors correlated with GERD symptoms, poor quality of sleep and irregular dietary habits are strong risk factors for high FSSG scores. At present, usual dose of PPI or H₂RA in Japan cannot fully relieve GERD symptoms.
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Authors | Nobutake Yamamichi, Satoshi Mochizuki, Itsuko Asada-Hirayama, Rie Mikami-Matsuda, Takeshi Shimamoto, Maki Konno-Shimizu, Yu Takahashi, Chihiro Takeuchi, Keiko Niimi, Satoshi Ono, Shinya Kodashima, Chihiro Minatsuki, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro, Toru Mitsushima, Kazuhiko Koike |
Journal | BMC medicine
(BMC Med)
Vol. 10
Pg. 45
(May 03 2012)
ISSN: 1741-7015 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 22554226
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Histamine H2 Antagonists
- Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diet
(adverse effects)
- Female
- Gastroesophageal Reflux
(drug therapy, epidemiology, pathology)
- Histamine H2 Antagonists
(therapeutic use)
- Humans
- Japan
(epidemiology)
- Life Style
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Proton Pump Inhibitors
(therapeutic use)
- Sleep Wake Disorders
(complications)
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