Elevated
cyclin D1 (CCND1) in human
glioblastoma correlates with poor clinical prognosis. In this study, the human
glioblastoma cell lines SHG-44 and U251 were stably transfected with
short hairpin RNA (
shRNA) targeting
cyclin D1 or with ectogenic
cyclin D1 by lentivirus-mediated transfection.
Glioblastoma cells overexpressing or underexpressing
cyclin D1 were then examined by in vitro growth assays, apoptosis assays, cell cycle analysis, and invasion assays.
Cyclin D1 knockdown in SHG-44 cells inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and attenuated migration across
Matrigel, a model of invasive capacity. Western blot analysis and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that cells underexpressing CCND1 exhibited decreased
multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression, but enhanced apoptosis effector
caspase-3 expression. In contrast,
cyclin D1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, attenuated apoptosis, and enhanced invasive capacity. Furthermore,
cyclin D1 overexpression was associated with increased expression of MDR1 and Bcl-2, and decreased
caspase-3 expression. Results using the U251 cell line confirmed the effects of CCND1-targeted
shRNA and lentivirus-mediated overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of
glioblastoma cells. Overexpression of
cyclin D1 enhanced the proliferation and invasive potential of human
glioblastoma cells, while reducing apoptosis. The ability to suppress the malignant phenotype by downregulating
cyclin D1 expression may provide a new gene therapy approach for patients with
malignant glioma.