Immune response against tumor antigens expressed on human cancer stem-like cells/tumor-initiating cells.

Abstract	Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs)/tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are a small population of cancer cells that have the properties of tumor-initiating ability, self-renewal and differentiation. These properties suggest that CSCs/TICs are essential for tumor maintenance, recurrence and distant metastasis. Thus, elimination of CSCs/TICs is essential to cure malignant diseases. However, there are several studies reporting that CSCs/TICs are more resistant to standard cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, than non-CSC/TIC populations. How then, can we eliminate CSCs/TICs? Immunotherapy might be the possible answer. In recent analysis, innate immunity (natural killer cells and gammadeltaT cells) and also adaptive immunity (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-based cellular immunity and antibody-based humoral immunity) can recognize CSCs/TICs in vitro efficiently. Furthermore, CSC/TIC-specific monoclonal antibody therapies are also efficient in vivo. In this article, we describe the potency, possibilities and problems of CSC/TIC-targeting immunotherapy.
Authors	Yoshihiko Hirohashi, Toshihiko Torigoe, Satoko Inoda, Akari Takahashi, Rena Morita, Satoshi Nishizawa, Yasuaki Tamura, Hiromu Suzuki, Minoru Toyota, Noriyuki Sato
Journal	Immunotherapy (Immunotherapy) Vol. 2 Issue 2 Pg. 201-11 (Mar 2010) ISSN: 1750-7448 [Electronic] England
PMID	20635928 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
Chemical References	Antibodies, Neoplasm Antigens, Neoplasm Antigens, Surface Biomarkers, Tumor Isoenzymes Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ALDH1A1 protein, human Retinal Dehydrogenase
Topics	Adaptive Immunity Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (analysis) Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Antibodies, Neoplasm (immunology) Antigens, Neoplasm (immunology) Antigens, Surface (immunology) Biomarkers, Tumor (analysis) Feasibility Studies Forecasting Humans Immunity, Innate Immunotherapy (methods) Isoenzymes (analysis) Killer Cells, Natural (immunology) Models, Biological Neoplasms (immunology, therapy) Neoplastic Stem Cells (chemistry, immunology) Retinal Dehydrogenase T-Lymphocyte Subsets (immunology) T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic (immunology)

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