Skeletal muscle
triglyceride accumulation is associated with
insulin resistance in
obesity. Recently, it has been suggested that
alpha lipoic acid (ALA) improves
insulin sensitivity by lowering
triglyceride accumulation in nonadipose tissues via activation of skeletal muscle
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We examined whether chronic ALA supplementation prevents muscular
lipid accumulation that is associated with high-fat diets via activation of AMPK. In addition, we tested if ALA supplementation was able to improve
insulin sensitivity in rats fed low- and high-fat diets (LFD, HFD). Supplementing male Wistar rats with 0.5% ALA for 8 weeks significantly reduced
body weight, both on LFD and HFD (-24% LFD+ALA vs. LFD, P < 0.01, and -29% HFD+ALA vs. HFD, P < 0.001).
Oil red O lipid staining revealed a 3-fold higher
lipid content in skeletal muscle after HFD compared with LFD and ALA-supplemented groups (P < 0.05). ALA improved whole body
glucose tolerance ( approximately 20% lower total area under the curve (AUC) in ALA supplemented groups vs. controls, P < 0.05). These effects were not mediated by increased muscular AMPK activation or ALA-induced improvement of muscular
insulin sensitivity. To conclude, the prevention of HFD-induced muscular
lipid accumulation and the improved whole body
glucose tolerance are likely secondary effects due to the anorexic nature of ALA.