Allergic reaction induced by dermal and/or respiratory exposure to low-dose phenoxyacetic acid, organophosphorus, and carbamate pesticides.

Abstract

Several types of pesticides, such as organophosphates, phenoxyacetic acid, and carbamate have a high risk of affecting human health, causing allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma-like diseases. We used our long-term sensitization method and a local lymph node assay to examine the allergic reactions caused by several types of pesticides. BALB/c mice were topically sensitized (9 times in 3 weeks), then challenged dermally or intratracheally with 2,4-D, BRP, or furathiocarb. One day post-challenge, the mice were processed to obtain biologic materials for use in assays of total IgE levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); differential cell counts and chemokine levels in BALF; lymphocyte counts and surface antigen expression on B-cells within regional lymph nodes (LNs); and, ex situ cytokine production by cells from these LNs. 2,4-D-induced immune responses characteristic of immediate-type respiratory reactions, as evidenced by increased total IgE levels in both serum and BALF; an influx of eosinophils, neutrophils, and chemokines (MCP-1, eotaxin, and MIP-1beta) in BALF; increased surface antigen expression on B-cells IgE and MHC class II production) in both auricular and the lung-associated LNs; and increased Th2 cytokine production (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) in both auricular and the lung-associated LN cells. In contrast, BRP and furathiocarb treatment yielded, at most, non-significant increases in all respiratory allergic parameters. BRP and furathiocarb induced marked proliferation of MHC Class II-positive B-cells and Th1 cytokines (IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma) in only auricular LN cells. These results suggest that 2,4-D is a respiratory allergen and BRP and furathiocarb are contact allergens. As our protocol detected classified allergic responses to low-molecular-weight chemicals, it thus may be useful for detecting environmental chemical-related allergy.

• Authors: Tomoki Fukuyama, Yukari Tajima, Hideo Ueda, Koichi Hayashi, Yasufumi Shutoh, Takanori Harada, Tadashi Kosaka
• Journal: Toxicology (Toxicology) Vol. 261 Issue 3 Pg. 152-61 (Jul 10 2009) ISSN: 1879-3185 [Electronic] Ireland
• PMID: 19467290 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Allergens
• Benzofurans
• Carbamates
• Chemokines
• Cytokines
• Organophosphorus Compounds
• Pesticides
• 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
• Immunoglobulin E
• deltanit

Topics

• 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (administration & dosage, toxicity)
• Administration, Cutaneous
• Administration, Inhalation
• Allergens (administration & dosage, toxicity)
• Animals
• Benzofurans (administration & dosage, toxicity)
• Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (cytology, immunology)
• Carbamates (administration & dosage, toxicity)
• Cell Proliferation (drug effects)
• Chemokines (metabolism)
• Cytokines (metabolism)
• Dermatitis, Allergic Contact (etiology, immunology, pathology)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Female
• Immunoglobulin E (blood)
• Leukocyte Count
• Local Lymph Node Assay
• Lymph Nodes (drug effects, immunology, pathology)
• Lymphocyte Activation (drug effects)
• Male
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred BALB C
• Mice, Inbred CBA
• Organophosphorus Compounds (administration & dosage, toxicity)
• Pesticides (toxicity)
• Respiratory Hypersensitivity (chemically induced, immunology, pathology)