In this special issue of Neuroimmunomodulation, the reader will find reviewed some of the hottest topics in the field of neuroendocrine-immune interactions, with emphasis on
infectious diseases. For instance, the role that immunoendocrine alterations have during human
tuberculosis, a chronic
infectious disease, is discussed, and it is concluded that these immunoendocrine interactions may play a detrimental role during the disease, in terms of the development of protective immune responses, control of tissue damage and metabolic disorders. Also, the role that neuroimmunomodulation plays in
parasitic diseases is presented, and emphasizes the importance of the host-parasite neuroimmunoendocrine network during helminth
infection. Moreover, the influence of beta-
androstenes on resistance to viral and
bacterial infections is discussed, as well as the impact of
infectious diseases upon neuroendocrine circuits. Also, the reader will find contributions to the study of
sex hormones and modulation of immunity against
leishmaniasis, as well as recent work on the immune mechanisms associated with resistance or susceptibility to
parasitic diseases during pregnancy. We hope that our readers will find the first ever special issue devoted to neuroimmunomodulation and
infectious diseases fascinating and enticing.