Leishmaniasis

A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).

Also Known As:

Networked: 4991 relevant articles (393 outcomes, 601 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar)
3.	Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
4.	Malaria
5.	Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Experts

1.	Khamesipour, Ali: 48 articles (08/2022 - 12/2002)
2.	Sundar, Shyam: 40 articles (08/2022 - 12/2002)
3.	Coelho, Eduardo A F: 36 articles (06/2022 - 07/2007)
4.	Carvalho, Edgar M: 34 articles (11/2022 - 12/2002)
5.	Salotra, Poonam: 33 articles (01/2021 - 04/2004)
6.	Rafati, Sima: 31 articles (11/2021 - 05/2003)
7.	Das, Pradeep: 31 articles (10/2021 - 05/2007)
8.	Reed, Steven G: 31 articles (01/2021 - 01/2002)
9.	Menezes-Souza, Daniel: 29 articles (08/2022 - 12/2013)
10.	Valenzuela, Jesus G: 26 articles (11/2022 - 12/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Leishmaniasis:

1.	VaccinesIBA 12/01/2022 - "More studies are needed to develop a safe and effective vaccine, which is the most promising approach against Leishmania infection." 04/01/2019 - "The challenges for control of VL also include: (1) the accurate identification of infected dogs (particularly subclinically infected dogs) with the current reliance on serological rather than molecular diagnostic methods, (2) controversy surrounding the ethics and efficacy of culling of seropositive dogs, (3) the limited efficacy of currently available canine vaccines and their potential to interfere with interpretation of serological testing, (4) the expense associated with distribution of insecticidal dog collars, which may prove to be the most valuable control method, and (5) the cost and therefore accessibility of licensed medical treatment for canine leishmaniasis by the general population. " 07/01/2009 - "Vaccination remains the best hope for control of all forms of leishmaniasis, and the development of a safe and effective vaccine is a critical global public-health priority. " 01/01/2012 - "This study demonstrates the protective efficacy of KSAC+GLA-SE against sand fly challenge; the importance of vector-transmitted challenge in evaluating vaccine candidates against Leishmania infection; and the necessity of a rapid potent Th1 response against Leishmania to attain true protection." 04/01/2021 - "Hence, protection against leishmaniasis by a development vaccine is an important subject. "
2.	AntigensIBA 12/13/2002 - "Here, we demonstrate that MIDGE vectors coding for the LACK antigen confer a highly effective protection against Leishmania infection in susceptible Balb/c mice. " 02/01/2021 - "Whole Leishmania lysate antigens (WLL) has been shown to be effective to tackle leishmaniasis in murine models. " 01/01/2018 - "As proof of principle, immunization with sand fly salivary antigens to prevent leishmania infection has shown promising results in animal models. " 11/01/2007 - "The search for disease-associated T helper 2 (Th2) Leishmania antigens and the induction of a Th1 immune response to them using defined vaccination protocols is a potential strategy to induce protection against Leishmania infection. " 11/01/2017 - "Several intracellular Leishmania antigens have been recognized to serve in vaccination, ensuring long-lasting protection against Leishmania infection. "
3.	miltefosine (Impavido)IBA 01/01/2021 - "Our data underline the potential efficacy of miltefosine in the treatment of allergic diseases and other eosinophil-associated disorders and may raise important questions regarding the immunomodulatory effect of miltefosine in patients treated for leishmania infections." 04/01/2006 - "Miltefosine is the first effective and safe oral agent with the potential to treat all major clinical presentations of leishmaniasis." 01/01/2020 - "There is a need for improved access to miltefosine in leishmaniasis-endemic areas of Latin America and a greater awareness of ML and its treatment among physicians working in endemic countries." 11/01/2012 - "Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis." 12/09/2006 - "[Miltefosine: a new remedy for leishmaniasis]."
4.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2018 - "The Leishmania infection could be suppressed but not cured, despite a high dose of amphotericin B of nearly 65 g over more than 6 years." 07/09/2018 - "The aim of this review is to provide a description of the foremost recent investigations based on the encapsulation of amphotericin B in PLGA nanoparticles, in order to furnish an overview of the technological properties of novel colloidal formulations useful in the treatment of Leishmaniasis. " 05/01/2020 - "Moreover, this study also determined efficacy of other anti-leishmanial drugs for treatment the leishmaniasis in Thailand in case of these drugs are available in the country and the clinicians should have alternative drugs for treatment leishmaniasis in Thailand apart from amphotericin B." 01/01/2018 - "We show the power of metabolomics in comparing effects on metabolism of 28 different candidate treatments for Leishmaniasis (25 from the GSK Leishmania box, two analogues of Leishmania box series, and amphotericin B as a gold standard treatment), tested in the axenic amastigote form of Leishmania donovani. " 04/01/2023 - "According to results, current study demonstrated that Zn/Al-NO3 LDH nanocarriers can be used as a new promising delivery system by intercalating amphotericin B into its interlayer space for leishmaniasis treatment by eliminating the L. "
5.	Meglumine AntimoniateIBA 07/01/2015 - "The effective treatment of leishmaniases requires that the RF Ministry of Health should register some current antileishmanial drugs (such as Glucantime) as soon as possible." 04/01/2023 - "Correction: Efficacy of intralesional meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of canine tegumentary leishmaniasis: A Randomized controlled trial." 01/01/2023 - "Efficacy of intralesional meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of canine tegumentary leishmaniasis: A Randomized controlled trial." 01/01/2021 - "Glucantime (SbV) is the first-line treatment against American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis. " 10/01/2019 - "Pentavalent antimonials such as meglumine antimoniate (MA, Glucantime), are the first-line treatment against leishmaniasis, but at present, they have basically lost their efficacy. "
6.	CytokinesIBA 12/01/2020 - "Successful clearance of Leishmania relies on a robust human immune response and various cytokines have been implicated in resistance and susceptibility to Leishmania infection. " 06/21/1999 - "Advanced leishmaniasis can be cured by T cell depletion and cytokine-directed recovery of Th1 cellular responses, suggesting novel interventions for other immune-mediated diseases and identifying distinct roles for CD4(+) T cell and non-T cell in the maintenance of Th2 and Th1 phenotypes." 01/01/2015 - "Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and of whole blood with SLA led to the production of different combinations of cytokines that might serve to confirm Leishmania infection or recovery from VL and help prevent cured patients from relapsing into this serious condition. " 09/01/2014 - "Cytokines play a fundamental role in the regulation of immune responses in remission and/or relapsing of leishmaniasis. " 01/01/2022 - "Studies also investigating the cytokine response could deepen the knowledge on the pathogenesis of canine leishmaniasis."
7.	AntimonyIBA 06/01/2019 - "In this study, we studied the activity of the antibacterial drugDoxycycline (Russia), and the control was the drug of pentavalent antimony - Glucantim (France), which for a long time was the "gold standard" in the treatment of any form of leishmaniasis. " 04/01/2019 - "The control group is a pentavalent antimony drug - Glucantim (France), which has been the "gold standard" for a long time in the treatment of any form of leishmaniasis. " 06/01/2012 - "For over 60 years, pentavalent antimony (Sb(v)) has been the first-line treatment of leishmaniasis. " 03/01/2012 - "Although various systemic and topical treatments have been proposed for leishmaniasis, pentavalent Antimony compounds remain the first-line treatment for it. " 12/01/2011 - "Drugs based on pentavalent antimony are first-line treatment of the parasite disease leishmaniasis. "
8.	Antimony Sodium Gluconate (Sodium, Stibogluconate)IBA 07/01/1981 - "Two cases of leishmaniasis recidivans of twenty years' duration were treated intravenously with sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) with good results. " 07/01/1994 - "Sodium stibogluconate is the mainstay of treatment for all forms of leishmaniasis. " 01/01/2021 - "After the diagnostic process, positive serological tests were found for leishmaniasis, with improvement in the picture after the use of sodium stibogluconate. " 12/01/1998 - "Safety and efficacy of intravenous sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of leishmaniasis: recent U.S. " 07/01/1994 - "Efficacy of 28-day and 40-day regimens of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) in the treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis."
9.	AntibodiesIBA 10/01/2016 - "There were 35 and 9 persons who were found to have antibodies to the VL pathogen among the examinees in the Penjikent and Darvaz districts, respectively The examination of infants during the first years of life, whose immune system can be defenseless against leishmaniasis, yielded the largest number (more than 90%) of positive results. " 01/01/2008 - "Moreover, antibodies produced by the host against the salivary glands of sandflies shown promise in the development of vaccination in the control of both sandflies and leishmaniasis." 10/01/2019 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Leishmania spp. antibodies, and its association with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), in domestic cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. " 11/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to detect antibodies against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in dogs seropositive and seronegative for leishmaniasis. " 09/01/1992 - "An ELISA and a lymphocyte proliferation assay were used for the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies and parasite specific cellular immunity respectively in a preliminary study of canine leishmaniasis in Oporto, Portugal. "
10.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 02/24/2016 - "Early detection of Leishmania DNA in saliva would be beneficial for the follow up of asymptomatic Leishmania infected patients, the early treatment of leishmaniasis and for surveillance survey purpose. " 10/05/2016 - "This study compared the diagnosis efficacy of microscopic examination versus polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods and DNA sequencing using whole blood and skin lesion samples from patients with suspected leishmaniasis. " 01/01/2012 - "The immune parameters induced against LACK and triggered by the combined vaccination DNA/MVA protocol, like polyfunctionality of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells with an effector phenotype, could be relevant in protection against leishmaniasis." 02/01/2007 - "Thus, TRYP DNA/TRYP MVA, but not TRYP DNA alone, provides long-term protection against murine leishmaniasis." 12/01/2006 - "The presence of Leishmania in peripheral blood was therefore evaluated by PCR using DNA samples isolated from patients presenting active cutaneous or mucosal disease, and from individuals cured by antimonial treatment as well as individuals without a past history of leishmaniasis but with a positive Montenegro skin test, all living in L. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 10/01/2023 - "This study shows the promise of effective applicability of drug-carrying nanosystems in the field of antileishmanial therapeutics, with the perspective of providing better patient adherence to treatment, increased therapeutic efficacy, reduced toxicity of conventional drugs, as well as the potential to efficiently improve the treatment of leishmaniasis." 12/01/2021 - "Despite a sustained decrease in the number of HAT cases, more efforts are needed to discover safe and effective therapies against CD and leishmaniasis. " 01/01/2015 - "Superior efficacy, desired stability and reliable safety of cost-effective LcfPGNP-AmB, suggest its potential for leishmaniasis therapeutics." 05/01/2019 - "Because no single drug is effective against all the forms of leishmaniasis, we suggest multidrug therapy." 05/01/1985 - "The combined therapy was also effective in preventing the lethal course of leishmaniasis in hamsters which succumb to disseminated disease in the absence of therapeutic intervention. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 11/01/2016 - "Despite the existence of chemotherapy, there is no effective cure for leishmaniasis. " 07/24/2015 - "The most effective treatment for leishmaniasis is the chemotherapy and besides the high cost, these drugs are toxic and require a long period of treatment. " 01/01/2014 - "Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for Leishmaniasis. " 01/01/2018 - "Based on these findings, MTC NCs seems to be promising for significant oral absorption and improved oral bioavailability of AmB in leishmaniasis chemotherapy." 04/01/2012 - "Owing to the unsatisfactory nature of the currently available chemotherapies, new approaches have been assessed for improved therapeutic intervention strategies against leishmaniasis. "
3.	Immunotherapy 05/29/2006 - "route), which was effective in immunotherapy of cutaneous murine leishmaniasis. " 01/01/2021 - "Three decades of clinical trials on immunotherapy for human leishmaniases: a systematic review and meta-analysis." 09/01/2009 - "Recent studies indicate that certain strategies aimed at modulating the host immune response (collectively called immunotherapy) could result in prophylactic and/or therapeutic cure of leishmaniasis under both laboratory and field conditions. " 09/01/1995 - "The results described in this study not only throw light on the possible mechanism of leishmanial pathogenesis, but also open up the possibility of immunotherapy of leishmaniasis by selective manipulation of costimulatory molecules." 11/01/2022 - "Understanding the genetic characteristics of the host that facilitate resistance or susceptibility to leishmaniasis can contribute to the development of immunotherapy schedules for this disease. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2019 - "Our findings confirm that the clinical status of dogs affected by leishmaniasis is closely related to parasite load and antibody level, both before and after treatment." 02/01/2016 - "Specific K39 antibody response and its persistence after treatment in patients with imported leishmaniasis." 07/01/2015 - "Whole blood samples for the coagulation profile were collected from symptomatic dogs with leishmaniasis (group S), asymptomatic dogs with leishmaniasis after treatment (group T), and a control group of healthy dogs (group H). " 07/01/2015 - "Evaluation of hemostasis using thromboelastometry in dogs with leishmaniasis before and after treatment. " 01/01/2003 - "Mucosal leishmaniasis: in situ characterization of the host inflammatory response, before and after treatment."
5.	Gas Lasers 05/01/2016 - "Our results underlined the high efficacy of fractional CO2 laser for leishmaniasis scar. " 11/01/2014 - "To assess the safety and efficacy of ablative fractional resurfacing (AFR) with a CO2 laser for facial leishmaniasis atrophic scars. " 01/01/2014 - "Fractional CO2 laser is better than ablative CO2 laser in variants aspect of treatment of leishmaniasis scars." 01/01/2014 - "Our results show that fractional CO2 laser is better than ablative CO2 laser in various aspect of treatment of leishmaniasis scars (P < 0.05). " 01/01/2014 - "The patients in case group underwent one session ablative CO2 laser for treatment of leishmaniasis scars and the patients in control group underwent six 3-weeks interval sessions fractional CO2 laser for treatment of leishmaniasis scars. "