Oral glutamine increases circulating glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon, and insulin concentrations in lean, obese, and type 2 diabetic subjects.
Abstract | BACKGROUND: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine whether glutamine increases circulating GLP-1 and GIP concentrations in vivo and, if so, whether this is associated with an increase in plasma insulin. DESIGN: RESULTS: Oral glucose led to increases in circulating GLP-1 concentrations, which peaked at 30 min in LEAN (31.9 +/- 5.7 pmol/L) and OB-CON (24.3 +/- 2.1 pmol/L) subjects and at 45 min in OB-DIAB subjects (19.5 +/- 1.8 pmol/L). Circulating GLP-1 concentrations increased in all study groups after glutamine ingestion, with peak concentrations at 30 min of 22.5 +/- 3.4, 17.9 +/- 1.1, and 17.3 +/- 3.4 pmol/L in LEAN, OB-CON, and OB-DIAB subjects, respectively. Glutamine also increased plasma GIP concentrations but less effectively than glucose. Consistent with the increases in GLP-1 and GIP, glutamine significantly increased circulating plasma insulin concentrations. Glutamine stimulated glucagon secretion in all 3 study groups. CONCLUSION:
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Authors | Jerry R Greenfield, I Sadaf Farooqi, Julia M Keogh, Elana Henning, Abdella M Habib, Anthea Blackwood, Frank Reimann, Jens J Holst, Fiona M Gribble |
Journal | The American journal of clinical nutrition
(Am J Clin Nutr)
Vol. 89
Issue 1
Pg. 106-113
(Jan 2009)
ISSN: 1938-3207 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 19056578
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Blood Glucose
- Insulin
- Glutamine
- Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
- Glucagon
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Topics |
- Administration, Oral
- Adult
- Area Under Curve
- Blood Glucose
(metabolism)
- Cross-Over Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
(blood, drug therapy)
- Female
- Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
(blood)
- Glucagon
(blood, drug effects, metabolism)
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
(blood, drug effects, metabolism)
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Glutamine
(pharmacology)
- Humans
- Insulin
(blood, metabolism)
- Insulin Secretion
- Male
- Obesity
(blood)
- Thinness
(blood)
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