Urine, a blood filtrate produced by the urinary system, is an ideal bio-sample and a rich source of
biomarkers for diagnostic information. Many components in urine are useful in clinical diagnosis, and urinary
proteins can be strong indication for many diseases such as
proteinuria, kidney, bladder and
urinary tract diseases. To enhance our understanding of urinary
proteome, the urine
proteins were prepared by different sample cleanup preparation methods and identified by nano-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry followed by
peptide fragmentation pattern. The experimental results demonstrated that a total of 2283
peptides, corresponding to 311 unique
proteins, were identified from human urine samples, in which 104
proteins with higher confidence levels. The present study was designed to establish optimal techniques to create a proteomic map of normal urinary
proteins. Also, a discussion of novel approaches to urine
protein cleanup and constituents is given.