Antineuronal antibody status and phenotype analysis in Tourette's syndrome.

Abstract

The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) spectrum includes psychiatric comorbidities, mainly obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The role of environmental factors, e.g., antineuronal antibodies (ANeA), remains unclear. We compared the clinical features of ANeA-positive and ANeA-negative patients in 53 children and 75 adults with GTS. All diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. A positive ANeA Western immunoblot showed bands for at least 1 of 3 reported striatal antigens (40, 45, and 60 kDa). Twelve children (23%) and 18 adults (25%) with GTS were ANeA-positive. Disease duration, tic phenomenology and severity, frequency of echo/pali/coprophenomena, self-injurious and aggressive behavior, or frequency of OCD comorbidity did not significantly differ between ANeA-positive and negative patients. Similar findings were obtained analyzing separately the three different antibody reactivities. A comorbid diagnosis of ADHD was significantly less frequent in GTS patients positive for the anti-60 kDa antibody only. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, adjusting for age, gender, and age at disease onset, a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD remained inversely associated with anti-60 kDa antibodies (odds ratio = 0.14; P = 0.002; 95% confidence interval 0.04-0.49). ANeA status does not differentiate a specific phenotype of GTS.

• Authors: Davide Martino, Giovanni Defazio, Andrew J Church, Russell C Dale, Gavin Giovannoni, Mary M Robertson, Michael Orth
• Journal: Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society (Mov Disord) Vol. 22 Issue 10 Pg. 1424-1429 (Jul 30 2007) ISSN: 0885-3185 [Print] United States
• PMID: 17516471 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright 2007 Movement Disorder Society

Chemical References

• Antibodies
• Nerve Tissue Proteins

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Antibodies (metabolism)
• Blotting, Western (methods)
• Child
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (methods)
• Female
• Humans
• Logistic Models
• Male
• Molecular Weight
• Nerve Tissue Proteins (immunology)
• Phenotype
• Retrospective Studies
• Tourette Syndrome (immunology, pathology, physiopathology)