99mTc-labeled divalent and tetravalent CC49 single-chain Fv's: novel imaging agents for rapid in vivo localization of human colon carcinoma.

Abstract

UNLABELLED:

Radioimmunopharmaceutical agents enabling rapid high-resolution imaging, high tumor-to-background ratios, and minimal immunogenicity are being sought for cancer diagnosis and imaging. Genetic engineering techniques have allowed the design of single-chain Fv's (scFv's) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing tumor-associated antigens. These scFv's show good tumor targeting and biodistribution properties in vivo, indicating their potential as imaging agents when labeled with a suitable radionuclide.

METHODS:

Divalent (sc(Fv)(2)) and tetravalent ([sc(Fv)(2)](2)) scFv's of mAb CC49 were evaluated for radioimmunolocalization of LS-174T colon carcinoma xenografts in athymic mice. scFv's were radiolabeled with (99m)Tc by way of the bifunctional chelator succinimidyl-6-hydrazinonicotinate hydrochloride using tricine as the transchelator. The immunoreactivity and in vitro stability of the scFv's were analyzed after radiolabeling. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies were performed to determine the tumor-targeting potential of the radiolabeled scFv's. Whole-mouse autoradiography illustrated the possible application of these (99m)Tc-labeled multivalent scFv's for imaging.

RESULTS:

The radiolabeling procedure gave > or =95% radiometal incorporation, with a specific activity of >74 MBq/mg scFv. In solid-phase radioimmunoassay, both sc(Fv)(2) and [sc(Fv)(2)](2) exhibited 75%-85% immunoreactivity, with nonspecific binding between 0.8% and 1.2%. Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography showed sc(Fv)(2) as a 60-kDa protein and [sc(Fv)(2)](2) as a 120-kDa protein. Blood clearance studies showed the elimination half-life of (99m)Tc-labeled sc(Fv)(2) as 144 min and that of [sc(Fv)(2)](2) as 307 min. Whole-body clearance studies confirmed the rapid elimination of scFv's, with half-lives of 184 +/- 19 min for sc(Fv)(2) and 265 +/- 39 min for [sc(Fv)(2)](2) (P < 0.001). At 6 h after administration, the tumor localization was 7.2 +/- 0.7 percentage injected dose per gram of tumor (%ID/g) for (99m)Tc-sc(Fv)(2). (99m)Tc-[sc(Fv)(2)](2) showed a tumor uptake of 19.1 +/- 1.1 %ID/g at the same time; the amount of radioactivity in the tumors was 4-fold higher than in the spleen and kidneys and 2-fold higher than in the liver. Macroautoradiography performed at 6 and 16 h after administration clearly detected the tumor with both scFv's.

CONCLUSION:

(99m)Tc-labeled multivalent scFv's show good tumor-targeting characteristics and high radiolocalization indices (tumor-to-background ratio). These reagents, therefore, have the potential for use in clinical imaging studies of cancer in the field of nuclear medicine.

• Authors: A Goel, J Baranowska-Kortylewicz, S H Hinrichs, J Wisecarver, G Pavlinkova, S Augustine, D Colcher, B J Booth, S K Batra
• Journal: Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine (J Nucl Med) Vol. 42 Issue 10 Pg. 1519-27 (Oct 2001) ISSN: 0161-5505 [Print] United States
• PMID: 11585867 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Monoclonal
• Antibodies, Neoplasm
• Antigens, Neoplasm
• B72.3 antibody
• Immunoconjugates
• Immunoglobulin Fragments
• Immunoglobulin Variable Region
• immunoglobulin Fv
• Technetium

Topics

• Animals
• Antibodies, Monoclonal (pharmacokinetics)
• Antibodies, Neoplasm
• Antigens, Neoplasm (immunology)
• Autoradiography
• Colonic Neoplasms (diagnostic imaging)
• Genetic Engineering
• Immunoconjugates (pharmacokinetics)
• Immunoglobulin Fragments
• Immunoglobulin Variable Region
• Mice
• Mice, Nude
• Radioimmunodetection
• Technetium (pharmacokinetics)
• Tissue Distribution
• Tumor Cells, Cultured (metabolism)