Diurnal metabolic profiles after 14 d of an ad libitum high-starch, high-sucrose, or high-fat diet in normal-weight never-obese and postobese women.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The influence of the amount and type of carbohydrates in the diet on risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

We investigated the effects of 2 low-fat diets (high-sucrose and high-starch) and a high-fat diet on glycemia, lipidemia, and hormonal responses in never-obese and postobese women.

DESIGN:

Eighteen normal-weight women (8 postobese and 10 never-obese) consumed 3 ad libitum diets (high-fat, high-starch, and high-sucrose) for 14 d each. On day 15, we measured fasting and postprandial glucose, lactate, insulin, triacylglycerol, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glycerol, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and glucagon-like peptide 1.

RESULTS:

The high-sucrose diet induced significantly lower total areas under the curve (AUCs) for glucose and NEFA and a significantly higher lactate AUC than did the high-fat and high-starch diets; there were no significant differences in the insulin AUCs. The triacylglycerol AUC was greater with the high-fat and high-sucrose diets than with the high-starch diet. Gastrointestinal hormone concentrations differed between diets, but not between the 2 subject groups. Comparisons between subject groups for all diets combined showed lower relative insulin resistance and lower AUCs for glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol in the postobese group.

CONCLUSIONS:

High-starch and high-sucrose diets had no adverse effects on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, or lipidemia compared with a high-fat diet. A sucrose-rich diet may improve glucose metabolism, but may have an adverse effect on lipidemia, compared with a starch-rich diet. Postobese women seemed to be more insulin-sensitive and more efficient at storing triacylglycerol than were never-obese women, regardless of dietary composition.

• Authors: A Raben, J J Holst, J Madsen, A Astrup
• Journal: The American journal of clinical nutrition (Am J Clin Nutr) Vol. 73 Issue 2 Pg. 177-89 (Feb 2001) ISSN: 0002-9165 [Print] United States
• PMID: 11157312 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Dietary Fats
• Dietary Sucrose
• Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
• Hormones
• Insulin
• Lipids
• Lactic Acid
• Starch

Topics

• Adult
• Area Under Curve
• Blood Glucose (drug effects)
• Body Weight
• Circadian Rhythm (drug effects)
• Cross-Over Studies
• Dietary Fats (administration & dosage, metabolism, pharmacology)
• Dietary Sucrose (administration & dosage, metabolism, pharmacology)
• Fatty Acids, Nonesterified (blood)
• Female
• Hormones (blood)
• Humans
• Insulin (metabolism)
• Insulin Resistance
• Lactic Acid (blood)
• Lipids (blood)
• Middle Aged
• Obesity
• Postprandial Period
• Risk Factors
• Starch (administration & dosage, metabolism, pharmacology)
• Time Factors