Intratumoral metabolism and synthesis of
estrogens are considered to play very important roles in the pathogenesis and development of various sex
steroid-dependent
neoplasms including breast and
endometrial carcinoma. 17 beta-
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD)
isozymes catalyze the interconversion of
estradiol (E(2)) and
estrone (E(1)), and thereby serve to modulate the tissue levels of bioactive E(2). 17 beta-HSD type 1 primarily catalyzes the reduction of E(1) to E(2), whereas 17 beta-HSD type 2 primarily catalyzes the oxidation of E(2) to E(1). In the human breast and its disorders, 17 beta-HSD type 1 is expressed in proliferative diseases without atypia,
atypical ductal hyperplasia,
ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive
ductal carcinoma. 17 beta-HSD type 2 is not detected in any of the lesions. In addition, 17 beta-HSD type 1 coexpression is significantly correlated with
estrogen receptor status in invasive
ductal carcinoma cases. These results indicate that
breast carcinoma can effectively convert E(1), produced as a result of in situ aromatization, to E(2), a biologically potent
estrogen, and exerts estrogenic actions on
tumor cells through the
estrogen receptor. On the other hand, in the human endometrium, 17 beta-HSD type 2 is expressed, but not 17 beta-HSD type 1. 17 beta-HSD type 2 is expressed in the secretory phase but not in any proliferative phase in the endometrial mucosa. The
enzyme is expressed in 75% of
endometrial hyperplasias and 37% of
carcinoma cases. In
endometrial carcinoma cases, a significant inverse correlation has been detected between 17 beta-HSD type 2 immunoreactivity and age (p < 0.02). These results indicate that oxidation of E(2) to E(1) is dominant in
endometrial carcinoma, 17 beta-HSD types 1 and 2 play an important role in the regulation of in situ
estrogen production in breast and
endometrial carcinoma.