Conjunctivitis is a common pediatric problem and is broadly divided into infectious and non-infectious etiologies.
Bacterial conjunctivitis makes up the majority of cases in children and often presents with purulent discharge and mattering of the eyelids. Treatment is supportive with an individual approach to
antibiotic use in uncomplicated cases since it may shorten symptom duration, but is not without risks.
Viral conjunctivitis is the other infectious cause and is primarily caused by adenovirus, with a burning, gritty feeling and watery discharge. Treatment is supportive.
Allergic conjunctivitis is largely seasonal and presents with bilateral
itching and watery discharge. Treatment can include topical
lubricants, topical
antihistamine agents, or systemic
antihistamines. Other causes of
conjunctivitis include
foreign bodies and non-allergic environmental causes.
Contact lens wearers should always be treated for
bacterial conjunctivitis and referred to evaluate for corneal
ulcers. Neonatal
conjunctivitis requires special care with unique pathogens and considerations. This review covers essential information for the primary care pediatric provider as they assess cases of
conjunctivitis.