NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging Using Indocyanine Green Provides Early Prediction of Skin Avulsion-Injury in a Porcine Model.

Abstract

Purpose:

Currently, skin avulsion-injury reconstruction is mainly based on subjective evaluation of traditional clinical signs. It frequently results in unnecessary tissue loss and incomplete debridement-related infection. This pilot study aimed to develop a novel near-infrared (NIR) II fluorescence imaging method to assess avulsed skin-perfusion status and thus predict its outcome early.

Methods:

Skin avulsion-injury models were established by avulsing 10×4 cm pedicled flaps on porcine hindlimbs. A clinically available improved NIR-Ι/II multispectral imaging system was applied for NIR imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence. Continuous NIR-wavelength filters and dynamic imaging were used to investigate optimal imaging conditions and time window. NIR-Ι/II imaging was synchronously conducted for quality comparison of the two methods. Visual inspection and histological studies were used for assessing the final outcome of avulsed skin.

Results:

NIR-II fluorescence imaging with a 1,100 nm filter obtained satisfactory performance and reached maximum fluorescence intensity at 1 minute after ICG injection. NIR-II imaging clearly visualized the microvascular network in vascularized avulsed skin and revealed "dark areas" in nonvascularized avulsed skin in a real-time fashion. NIR-II fluorescence imaging demonstrated higher resolution than NIR-I imaging, as indicated by ae higher signal-to-background ratio (2.11) and lower full width at half maximum (6.50614). The dark area of avulsed skin on imaging finally developed to necroses that were confirmed by histology.

Conclusion:

NIR-II real-time fluorescence imaging clearly maps the microvascular network and shows the perfusion status of avulsed skin at higher resolution than traditional NIR-I imaging, and thus precisely predicts the outcome of avulsed skin early.

• Authors: Siqi Gao, Yifeng Yu, Zheng Wang, Yifan Wu, Xingan Qiu, Chao Jian, Aixi Yu
• Journal: Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology (Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol) Vol. 15 Pg. 447-454 ( 2022) ISSN: 1178-7015 [Print] New Zealand
• PMID: 35308638 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2022 Gao et al.