Immune Responses to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 Vaccines and to Natural Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infections Over a 3-Month Period.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

There are limited data directly comparing immune responses to vaccines and to natural infections with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study assessed the immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines over a 3-month period and compared the immune responses with those to natural infections.

METHOD:

We enrolled healthcare workers who received BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines and patients with confirmed COVID-19 and then measured S1 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses.

RESULTS:

A total of 121 vaccinees and 26 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed. After the second dose, the BNT162b2 vaccine yielded S1 IgG antibody responses similar to those achieved with natural infections (mean IgG titer [standard deviation], 2241 [899] vs 2601 [5039]; P = .68) but significantly stronger than responses to the ChAdOx1 vaccine (174 [96]; P < .001). The neutralizing antibody titer generated by BNT162b2 was 6-fold higher than that generated by ChAdOx1 but lower than that by natural infection. T-cell responses persisted for 3 months with BNT162b2 and natural infection but decreased with ChAdOx1.

CONCLUSIONS:

Antibody responses after the second dose of BNT162b2 are higher than after the second dose of ChAdOx1 and like those occurring after natural infection. T-cell responses are maintained longer in BNT162b2 vaccinees than in ChAdOx1 vaccinees.

• Authors: Ji Yeun Kim, So Yun Lim, Soonju Park, Ji-Soo Kwon, Seongman Bae, Ji Young Park, Hye Hee Cha, Mi Hyun Seo, Hyun Jung Lee, Nakyung Lee, Kideok Kim, David Shum, Youngmee Jee, Sung-Han Kim
• Journal: The Journal of infectious diseases (J Infect Dis) Vol. 225 Issue 5 Pg. 777-784 (03 02 2022) ISSN: 1537-6613 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 34850034 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: [email protected].

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Neutralizing
• Immunoglobulin G
• ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
• BNT162 Vaccine

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Antibodies, Neutralizing (immunology)
• Antibody Formation (immunology)
• BNT162 Vaccine (administration & dosage, adverse effects, immunology)
• COVID-19 (epidemiology, immunology, prevention & control)
• ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (administration & dosage, adverse effects, immunology)
• Female
• Humans
• Immunoglobulin G
• Male
• Middle Aged
• SARS-CoV-2 (immunology)
• Vaccination