The impact of pulmonary function in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation.

Abstract

High-dose chemotherapy, followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT), is an established therapy for patients with hematological malignancies. The age of patients undergoing auto-HSCT and, therefore, the comorbidities, has increased over the last decades. However, the assessment of organ dysfunction prior to auto-HSCT has not been well studied. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the association of clinical factors and lung and cardiac function with outcome and complications after conditioning with BEAM (BCNU/carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) or high-dose melphalan in patients undergoing auto-HSCT. This study included 629 patients treated at our institution between 2007 and 2017; 334 and 295 were conditioned with BEAM or high-dose melphalan, respectively. The median follow-up was 52 months (range, 0.2-152) and 50 months (range, 0.5-149), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, we identified that progressive disease, CO-diffusion capacity corrected for hemoglobin (DLCOcSB) ≤ 60% of predicted, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≤ 80%, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) score ≥ 4, and age > 70 years were associated with decreased overall survival (OS) in patients treated with BEAM. Similarly, DLCOcSB ≤ 60% of predicted, HCT-CI score ≥ 4, and age > 60 years were identified in patients treated with high-dose melphalan. Abnormalities in DLCOcSB ≤ 60% of predicted were associated with chemotherapy with lung-toxic substances, mediastinal radiotherapy, KPS ≤ 80%, current/previous smoking, and treatment in the intensive care unit. More often, patients with DLCOcSB ≤ 60% of predicted experienced nonrelapse mortality, including pulmonary causes of death. In summary, we identified DLCOcSB ≤ 60% of predicted as an independent risk factor for decreased OS in patients conditioned with BEAM or high-dose melphalan prior to auto-HSCT.

• Authors: Jesús Duque-Afonso, Sophie Ewald, Gabriele Ihorst, Miguel Waterhouse, Tim Struessmann, Robert Zeiser, Ralph Wäsch, Hartmut Bertz, Joachim Müller-Quernheim, Justus Duyster, Jürgen Finke, Reinhard Marks, Monika Engelhardt
• Journal: Blood advances (Blood Adv) Vol. 5 Issue 21 Pg. 4327-4337 (11 09 2021) ISSN: 2473-9537 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 34610094 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2021 by The American Society of Hematology. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.

Topics

• Aged
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (adverse effects)
• Humans
• Lung
• Middle Aged
• Retrospective Studies
• Transplantation Conditioning (adverse effects)
• Transplantation, Autologous