Abstract | BACKGROUND: MATERIALS AND METHODS: There are about 50 pre-diabetic and 50 healthy patients, both males and females with the age range of 18 years to 45 years, were included in the study. They were then divided into 4 groups based upon gutka chewers and non-chewers i.e., pre-diabetic gutka chewers (PDC), pre-diabetic non-chewers (PDNC), healthy gutka chewers (HC), and healthy non-chewers (HNC). A complete demographic data was obtained along with clinical and radiographic parameters i.e. plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), marginal bone loss (MBL) were recorded. A statistical analysis was performed and Bonferroni adjustment post hoc test was performed for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: The overall results suggested that the clinical periodontal parameters i.e., PD, PI, SBI and radiologic parameters i.e., MBL are significantly higher in prediabetes chewers compared with healthy chewers and healthy non chewers. CONCLUSION: The periodontal inflammatory conditions are worse in gutka chewers compared to non-chewers in healthy and pre-diabetic patients, concluding that the severity of periodontal inflammation is governed by hyperglycemia when compared to habitual gutka usage.
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Authors | Puneet Bhardwaj, Zoya Chowdhary, Vandana Sharma, Ravi Ladani, Sonamben Kishorchandra Modi, Sudhanshu Bhardwaj, Kasper D Hundal |
Journal | Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research
(Indian J Dent Res)
2021 Jan-Feb
Vol. 32
Issue 1
Pg. 15-22
ISSN: 1998-3603 [Electronic] India |
PMID | 34269230
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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Topics |
- Adolescent
- Areca
(adverse effects)
- Female
- Gingival Diseases
- Humans
- Male
- Periodontal Diseases
- Prediabetic State
(epidemiology)
- Tobacco, Smokeless
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