Molybdenum is a trace dietary
element necessary for the survival of humans. Some
molybdenum-bearing
enzymes are involved in key metabolic activities in the human body (such as
xanthine oxidase,
aldehyde oxidase and
sulfite oxidase). Many
molybdenum-based compounds have been widely used in biomedical research. Especially, MoS2-nanomaterials have attracted more attention in
cancer diagnosis and treatment recently because of their unique physical and chemical properties. MoS2 can adsorb various biomolecules and
drug molecules via covalent or non-covalent interactions because it is easy to modify and possess a high specific surface area, improving its
tumor targeting and colloidal stability, as well as accuracy and sensitivity for detecting specific
biomarkers. At the same time, in the near-infrared (NIR) window, MoS2 has excellent optical absorption and prominent photothermal conversion efficiency, which can achieve NIR-based
phototherapy and NIR-responsive controlled drug-release. Significantly, the modified MoS2-nanocomposite can specifically respond to the tumor microenvironment, leading to
drug accumulation in the
tumor site increased, reducing its side effects on non-cancerous tissues, and improved
therapeutic effect. In this review, we introduced the latest developments of MoS2-nanocomposites in
cancer diagnosis and
therapy, mainly focusing on biosensors, bioimaging,
chemotherapy,
phototherapy, microwave
hyperthermia, and combination
therapy. Furthermore, we also discuss the current challenges and prospects of MoS2-nanocomposites in
cancer treatment.