This study evaluated the association between long-term low-dose
aspirin use and decreased risk of
pneumonia in patients with cardio-cerebra-vascular ischemic diseases (CCVDs). This retrospective cohort study used records from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database of claims made between 1997 and 2013. After propensity score matching (PSM), patients who took a low dose of
aspirin for more than 90 days within 1 year of diagnosis with CCVDs were identified as the exposure group (n = 15,784). A matched total of 15,784 individuals without
aspirin use were selected for the non-
aspirin group. The main outcome was the development of
pneumonia after the index date. Multivariable Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and cumulative probability of
pneumonia. The result after PSM indicated a lower hazard ratio for
pneumonia in
aspirin users (aHR = 0.890, 95% confidence interval = 0.837-0.945). Therefore, patients with CCVDs who took
aspirin had a lower risk of developing
pneumonia than those who did not. In conclusion, this population-based cohort study demonstrated that long-term low-dose
aspirin use is associated with a slightly decreased risk of
pneumonia in patients with CCVDs.