The Association of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Use and In-hospital Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

To determine the association between low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) use and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective study of patients consecutively enrolled from two major academic hospitals exclusively for COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, from January 26, 2020, to March 26, 2020. The primary outcome was adjusted in-hospital mortality in the LMWH group compared with the non-LMWH group using the propensity score.

RESULTS:

Overall, 525 patients with COVID-19 enrolled with a median age of 64 years (IQR 19), and 49.33% men. Among these, 120 (22.86%) were treated with LMWH. Compared with the non-LMWH group, the LMWH group was more likely to be older and male; had a history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), or stroke; and had more severe COVID-19 parameters such as higher inflammatory cytokines or D-dimer. Compared with non-LMWH group, LMWH group had a higher unadjusted in-hospital mortality rate (21.70% vs. 11.10%; p = 0.004), but a lower adjusted mortality risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.20; 95% CI, 0.09-0.46). A propensity score-weighting analysis demonstrated similar findings (adjusted OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.10-0.30). Subgroup analysis showed a significant survival benefit among those who were severely (adjusted OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-0.23) and critically ill (adjusted OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15-0.65), as well as among the elderly patients' age > 65, IL-6 > 10 times upper limit level, and D-dimer > 5 times upper limit level.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, LMWH use was associated with lower all-cause in-hospital mortality than non-LMWH users. The survival benefit was particularly significant among more severely ill patients.

• Authors: Lan Shen, Lin Qiu, Dong Liu, Li Wang, Hengye Huang, Heng Ge, Ying Xiao, Yi Liu, Jingjin Jin, Xiulan Liu, Dao Wen Wang, Eric D Peterson, Ben He, Ning Zhou
• Journal: Cardiovascular drugs and therapy (Cardiovasc Drugs Ther) Vol. 36 Issue 1 Pg. 113-120 (02 2022) ISSN: 1573-7241 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 33394360 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Observational Study)
• Copyright: © 2021. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Chemical References

• Anticoagulants
• Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight

Topics

• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Anticoagulants (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Blood Coagulation (drug effects)
• COVID-19 (diagnosis, mortality)
• China (epidemiology)
• Comorbidity
• Female
• Hemorrhage (chemically induced)
• Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Hospital Mortality
• Hospitalization
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Retrospective Studies
• Risk Assessment
• Risk Factors
• Severity of Illness Index
• Time Factors
• Treatment Outcome
• COVID-19 Drug Treatment