Role of Immunoglobulin M and A Antibodies in the Neutralization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people globally. Virus infection requires the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Although studies have demonstrated anti-spike and -RBD antibodies to be protective in animal models, and convalescent plasma as a promising therapeutic option, little is known about immunoglobulin isotypes capable of blocking infection.

METHODS:

We studied spike- and RBD-specific immunoglobulin isotypes in convalescent and acute plasma/serum samples using a multiplex bead assay. We also determined virus neutralization activities in plasma and serum samples, and purified immunoglobulin fractions using a vesicular stomatitis pseudovirus assay.

RESULTS:

Spike- and RBD-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG1, and IgA1 were produced by all or nearly all subjects at variable levels and detected early after infection. All samples displayed neutralizing activity. Regression analyses revealed that IgM and IgG1 contributed most to neutralization, consistent with IgM and IgG fractions' neutralization potency. IgA also exhibited neutralizing activity, but with lower potency.

CONCLUSION:

IgG, IgM, and IgA are critical components of convalescent plasma used for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

• Authors: Jéromine Klingler, Svenja Weiss, Vincenza Itri, Xiaomei Liu, Kasopefoluwa Y Oguntuyo, Christian Stevens, Satoshi Ikegame, Chuan-Tien Hung, Gospel Enyindah-Asonye, Fatima Amanat, Ian Baine, Suzanne Arinsburg, Juan C Bandres, Erna Milunka Kojic, Jonathan Stoever, Denise Jurczyszak, Maria Bermudez-Gonzalez, Arthur Nádas, Sean Liu, Benhur Lee, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Catarina E Hioe
• Journal: The Journal of infectious diseases (J Infect Dis) Vol. 223 Issue 6 Pg. 957-970 (03 29 2021) ISSN: 1537-6613 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 33367897 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
• Copyright: © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: [email protected].

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Neutralizing
• Antibodies, Viral
• Immunoglobulin A
• Immunoglobulin G
• Immunoglobulin Isotypes
• Immunoglobulin M
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
• spike protein, SARS-CoV-2

Topics

• Antibodies, Neutralizing (blood)
• Antibodies, Viral (blood, immunology)
• COVID-19 (diagnosis, immunology, therapy)
• COVID-19 Testing
• Female
• Humans
• Immunization, Passive
• Immunoglobulin A (blood, therapeutic use)
• Immunoglobulin G (blood, therapeutic use)
• Immunoglobulin Isotypes (blood, therapeutic use)
• Immunoglobulin M (blood, therapeutic use)
• Male
• Neutralization Tests
• SARS-CoV-2 (immunology)
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (immunology)
• COVID-19 Serotherapy