Skeletal Muscle Recovery from Disuse Atrophy: Protein Turnover Signaling and Strategies for Accelerating Muscle Regrowth.

Abstract

Skeletal muscle fibers have a unique capacity to adjust their metabolism and phenotype in response to alternations in mechanical loading. Indeed, chronic mechanical loading leads to an increase in skeletal muscle mass, while prolonged mechanical unloading results in a significant decrease in muscle mass (muscle atrophy). The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is dependent on the balance between rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. While molecular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis during mechanical unloading have been relatively well studied, signaling events implicated in protein turnover during skeletal muscle recovery from unloading are poorly defined. A better understanding of the molecular events that underpin muscle mass recovery following disuse-induced atrophy is of significant importance for both clinical and space medicine. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in the activation of protein synthesis and subsequent restoration of muscle mass after a period of mechanical unloading. In addition, the efficiency of strategies proposed to improve muscle protein gain during recovery is also discussed.

• Authors: Timur M Mirzoev
• Journal: International journal of molecular sciences (Int J Mol Sci) Vol. 21 Issue 21 (Oct 26 2020) ISSN: 1422-0067 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 33114683 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Muscle Proteins

Topics

• Animals
• Gene Expression Regulation
• Humans
• Muscle Proteins (metabolism)
• Muscle, Skeletal (metabolism, pathology)
• Muscular Disorders, Atrophic (metabolism, pathology)
• Protein Biosynthesis
• Proteolysis
• Signal Transduction
• Stress, Mechanical