Sex/gender disparity has been shown in the incidence and prognosis of many types of diseases, probably due to differences in genes, physiological conditions such as
hormones, and lifestyle between the sexes. The mortality and survival rates of many
cancers, especially
liver cancer, differ between men and women. Due to the pronounced sex/gender disparity, considering sex/ gender may be necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of
liver cancer. By analyzing research articles through a PubMed literature search, the present review identified 12 genes which showed practical relevance to
cancer and sex disparities. Among the 12 sex-specific genes, 7 genes (BAP1, CTNNB1, FOXA1, GSTO1, GSTP1,
IL6, and SRPK1) showed sex-biased function in
liver cancer. Here we summarized previous findings of
cancer molecular signature including our own analysis, and showed that sexbiased molecular signature CTNNB1High, IL6High, RHOAHigh and GLIPR1Low may serve as a female-specific index for prediction and evaluation of OS in
liver cancer patients. This review suggests a potential implication of sex-biased molecular signature in
liver cancer, providing a useful information on diagnosis and prediction of
disease progression based on gender.