Effect of a 90 g/day low-carbohydrate diet on glycaemic control, small, dense low-density lipoprotein and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients: An 18-month randomised controlled trial.

Abstract

AIM:

This study explored the effect of a moderate (90 g/d) low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) in type 2 diabetes patients over 18 months.

METHODS:

Ninety-two poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients aged 20-80 years with HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol) in the previous three months were randomly assigned to a 90 g/d LCD r traditional diabetic diet (TDD). The primary outcomes were glycaemic control status and change in medication effect score (MES). The secondary outcomes were lipid profiles, small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL), serum creatinine, microalbuminuria and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT).

RESULTS:

A total of 85 (92.4%) patients completed 18 months of the trial. At the end of the study, the LCD and TDD group consumed 88.0±29.9 g and 151.1±29.8 g of carbohydrates, respectively (p < 0.05). The 18-month mean change from baseline was statistically significant for the HbA1c (-1.6±0.3 vs. -1.0±0.3%), 2-h glucose (-94.4±20.8 vs. -18.7±25.7 mg/dl), MES (-0.42±0.32 vs. -0.05±0.24), weight (-2.8±1.8 vs. -0.7±0.7 kg), waist circumference (-5.7±2.7 vs. -1.9±1.4 cm), hip circumference (-6.1±1.8 vs. -2.9±1.7 cm) and blood pressure (-8.3±4.6/-5.0±3 vs. 1.6±0.5/2.5±1.6 mmHg) between the LCD and TDD groups (p<0.05). The 18-month mean change from baseline was not significantly different in lipid profiles, sdLDL, serum creatinine, microalbuminuria, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and carotid IMT between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

A moderate (90 g/d) LCD showed better glycaemic control with decreasing MES, lowering blood pressure, decreasing weight, waist and hip circumference without adverse effects on lipid profiles, sdLDL, serum creatinine, microalbuminuria, ALT and carotid IMT than TDD for type 2 diabetic patients.

• Authors: Chin-Ying Chen, Wei-Sheng Huang, Hui-Chuen Chen, Chin-Hao Chang, Long-Teng Lee, Heng-Shuen Chen, Yow-Der Kang, Wei-Chu Chie, Chyi-Feng Jan, Wei-Dean Wang, Jaw-Shiun Tsai
• Journal: PloS one (PLoS One) Vol. 15 Issue 10 Pg. e0240158 ( 2020) ISSN: 1932-6203 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 33017456 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Glycated Hemoglobin A
• Lipoproteins, LDL
• hemoglobin A1c protein, human

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Atherosclerosis (blood, diagnosis, etiology, prevention & control)
• Blood Glucose (analysis)
• Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, complications, diet therapy)
• Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted (methods)
• Female
• Glycated Hemoglobin (analysis)
• Humans
• Lipoproteins, LDL (blood)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Treatment Outcome
• Young Adult