Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites that occur in human foods and animal feeds, potentially threatening human and animal health. The intestine is considered as the first barrier against these external contaminants, and it consists of interconnected physical, chemical, immunological, and microbial barriers. In this context, based on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, we summarize the literature for compromised intestinal barrier issues caused by various
mycotoxins, and we reviewed events related to disrupted intestinal integrity (physical barrier), thinned mucus layer (chemical barrier), imbalanced inflammatory
factors (immunological barrier), and dysfunctional bacterial homeostasis (microbial barrier). We also provide important information on
deoxynivalenol, a leading
mycotoxin implicated in intestinal dysfunction, and other adverse intestinal effects induced by other
mycotoxins, including
aflatoxins and
ochratoxin A. In addition, intestinal perturbations caused by
mycotoxins may also contribute to the development of
mycotoxicosis, including human chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we provide a clear understanding of compromised intestinal barrier induced by
mycotoxins, with a view to potentially develop innovative strategies to prevent and treat
mycotoxicosis. In addition, because of increased combinatorial interactions between
mycotoxins, we explore the interactive effects of multiple
mycotoxins in this review.