Inflammatory Type 2 cDCs Acquire Features of cDC1s and Macrophages to Orchestrate Immunity to Respiratory Virus Infection.

Abstract

The phenotypic and functional dichotomy between IRF8+ type 1 and IRF4+ type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s and cDC2s, respectively) is well accepted; it is unknown how robust this dichotomy is under inflammatory conditions, when additionally monocyte-derived cells (MCs) become competent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Using single-cell technologies in models of respiratory viral infection, we found that lung cDC2s acquired expression of the Fc receptor CD64 shared with MCs and of IRF8 shared with cDC1s. These inflammatory cDC2s (inf-cDC2s) were superior in inducing CD4+ T helper (Th) cell polarization while simultaneously presenting antigen to CD8+ T cells. When carefully separated from inf-cDC2s, MCs lacked APC function. Inf-cDC2s matured in response to cell-intrinsic Toll-like receptor and type 1 interferon receptor signaling, upregulated an IRF8-dependent maturation module, and acquired antigens via convalescent serum and Fc receptors. Because hybrid inf-cDC2s are easily confused with monocyte-derived cells, their existence could explain why APC functions have been attributed to MCs.

• Authors: Cedric Bosteels, Katrijn Neyt, Manon Vanheerswynghels, Mary J van Helden, Dorine Sichien, Nincy Debeuf, Sofie De Prijck, Victor Bosteels, Niels Vandamme, Liesbet Martens, Yvan Saeys, Els Louagie, Manon Lesage, David L Williams, Shiau-Choot Tang, Johannes U Mayer, Franca Ronchese, Charlotte L Scott, Hamida Hammad, Martin Guilliams, Bart N Lambrecht
• Journal: Immunity (Immunity) Vol. 52 Issue 6 Pg. 1039-1056.e9 (06 16 2020) ISSN: 1097-4180 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32392463 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Interferon Type I
• Receptors, Fc
• Transcription Factors

Topics

• Antigen Presentation
• Biomarkers
• Cell Plasticity (immunology)
• Dendritic Cells (immunology, metabolism)
• Disease Susceptibility
• Gene Expression Profiling
• Gene Expression Regulation
• Gene Regulatory Networks
• Immunity
• Immunophenotyping
• Interferon Type I (metabolism)
• Macrophages (immunology, metabolism)
• Monocytes (immunology, metabolism)
• Organ Specificity (immunology)
• Receptors, Fc (metabolism)
• Respirovirus Infections (etiology, metabolism)
• T-Lymphocyte Subsets (immunology, metabolism)
• Transcription Factors
• Virus Diseases (genetics, immunology, metabolism, virology)