Hypertension and associated factors in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a population-based study.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and has a high prevalence in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

AIMS:

To estimate the prevalence and awareness of hypertension and its associated factors in a central province of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2320 adults aged 40-80 years in Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran, in 2010-2011. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for exploring the association between hypertension and associated risk factors. Of eligible subjects, 2098 participated in clinical examinations (response rate: 90.4%).

RESULTS:

The sex- and age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 52.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 49.6-56.1%]. Of 1170 participants with hypertension, 421 were diagnosed for the first time in this survey; therefore, the unawareness proportion was 36.0% (95% CI: 33.2-38.8%). Among known cases (749 of 1170), 68.5% (95% CI: 65.0-71.8%) had uncontrolled blood pressure. Age (OR 70-80 vs. 40-50 years=7.01, 95% CI: 4.01-12.24), obesity (OR=2.78, 95% CI: 2.06-3.75), diabetes (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.12-1.89), hyperlipidaemia (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.26-2.03) and living in a rural area (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.0- 2.45) were significantly associated with hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although age is an inevitable risk factor for hypertension, the high unawareness proportion, uncontrolled hypertension and modifiable risk factors such as obesity, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes demand effective preventive and curative strategies.

• Authors: Marzieh Katibeh, Ali Moghaddam, Mehdi Yaseri, Dinesh Neupane, Per Kallestrup, Hamid Ahmadieh
• Journal: Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit (East Mediterr Health J) Vol. 26 Issue 3 Pg. 304-314 (Mar 24 2020) ISSN: 1687-1634 [Electronic] Egypt
• PMID: 32281640 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © World Health Organization (WHO) 2020. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).

Topics

• Adult
• Age Factors
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Blood Pressure
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus (epidemiology)
• Female
• Humans
• Hyperlipidemias (epidemiology)
• Hypertension (epidemiology)
• Iran (epidemiology)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Obesity (epidemiology)
• Prevalence
• Residence Characteristics
• Risk Factors
• Sex Factors