Carbon monoxide (CO) has been the leading cause of
poisoning mortality in many countries and hyperbaric
oxygen (HBO) is a widely accepted treatment for CO
poisoning. However, some patients with CO
poisoning will still develop neurocognitive sequelae regardless of HBO
therapy, which can persist since CO
poisoning or be present days to weeks after a recovery from CO
poisoning. HBO has been used in the prevention and treatment of neurocognitive sequelae after CO
poisoning, and some mechanisms are also proposed for the potential
neuroprotective effects of HBO on the neurocognitive impairment after CO
poisoning, but there is still controversy on the effectiveness of HBO on neurocognitive sequelae after CO
poisoning. In this paper, we briefly introduce the neurocognitive sequelae after CO
poisoning, summarize the potential predictive factors of neurocognitive sequelae, and discuss the use of HBO in the treatment and prevention of neurocognitive sequelae after CO
poisoning.