Plasma and Dietary Linoleic Acid and 3-Year Risk of Type 2 Diabetes After Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Analysis in the Alpha Omega Cohort.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To study plasma and dietary linoleic acid (LA) in relation to type 2 diabetes risk in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:

We included 3,257 patients aged 60-80 years (80% male) with a median time since MI of 3.5 years from the Alpha Omega Cohort and who were initially free of type 2 diabetes. At baseline (2002-2006), plasma LA was measured in cholesteryl esters, and dietary LA was estimated with a 203-item food-frequency questionnaire. Incident type 2 diabetes was ascertained through self-reported physician diagnosis and medication use. Hazard ratios (with 95% CIs) were calculated by Cox regressions, in which dietary LA isocalorically replaced the sum of saturated (SFA) and trans fatty acids (TFA).

RESULTS:

Mean ± SD circulating and dietary LA was 50.1 ± 4.9% and 5.9 ± 2.1% energy, respectively. Plasma and dietary LA were weakly correlated (Spearman r = 0.13, P < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 41 months, 171 patients developed type 2 diabetes. Plasma LA was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk (quintile [Q]5 vs. Q1: 0.44 [0.26, 0.75]; per 5%: 0.73 [0.62, 0.86]). Substitution of dietary LA for SFA+TFA showed no association with type 2 diabetes risk (Q5 vs. Q1: 0.78 [0.36, 1.72]; per 5% energy: 1.18 [0.59, 2.35]). Adjustment for markers of de novo lipogenesis attenuated plasma LA associations.

CONCLUSIONS:

In our cohort of post-MI patients, plasma LA was inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk, whereas dietary LA was not related. Further research is needed to assess whether plasma LA indicates metabolic state rather than dietary LA in these patients.

• Authors: Kamalita Pertiwi, Anne J Wanders, Marjolein C Harbers, Leanne K Küpers, Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu, Janette de Goede, Peter L Zock, Johanna M Geleijnse
• Journal: Diabetes care (Diabetes Care) Vol. 43 Issue 2 Pg. 358-365 (02 2020) ISSN: 1935-5548 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 31727685 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2019 by the American Diabetes Association.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Dietary Fats
• Trans Fatty Acids
• Linoleic Acid

Topics

• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Biomarkers (blood)
• Cohort Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, etiology)
• Diet
• Dietary Fats (administration & dosage, blood)
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Linoleic Acid (administration & dosage, blood)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Myocardial Infarction (blood, complications, epidemiology)
• Nutrition Surveys
• Prospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Trans Fatty Acids (administration & dosage, blood)