There are conflicted experimental results on the role of
bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in
cancer. Some results suggest that BMPs act as
tumor suppressors while other findings indicate that BMPs are oncogenic factors. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of BMP expression and the survival of
breast cancer patients utilizing The
Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). High expression levels of BMP1 (P<0.001), BMP3 (P=0.002), BMP5 (P=0.002), BMP7 (P<0.001) and BMPR1A (P<0.001) were associated with better overall survival (OS). On the other hand, high expression levels of BMP6 (P<0.001), BMP8A (P=0.031), BMP8B (P<0.001) and BMPR1B (P=0.005) were associated with worse OS. Most of the BMPs demonstrated differential expression levels between normal and
tumor tissues. High expression of BMP7 was found to be significantly associated with better prognosis in both
estrogen receptor (ER)‑positive (ER+) (P<0.001) and ER‑negative (ER‑)
tumors (P<0.001), whereas high expression of BMP6 was associated with better prognosis only in ER+
tumors (P=0.004); it was associated with worse prognosis in ER‑
tumors (P=0.006). In the ER+
tumors, high expression of BMP7 as well as BMP6 were associated with higher infiltration of anticancer immune cells and cytolytic activity. These results suggest that high expression levels of BMP7 as well as BMP6 possess higher anticancer immunity which results in better prognosis in ER+
breast cancer. In conclusion, BMP expression profiles may be useful for prognostication. Intervention in this pathway may serve to improve outcomes, manage metastatic disease and assist in clinical decision making on optimal
therapy based on the risk of recurrence or
metastasis.