Axl Inhibitor R428 Enhances TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis Through Downregulation of c-FLIP and Survivin Expression in Renal Carcinoma.

Abstract

R428, a selective small molecule Axl inhibitor, is known to have anti-cancer effects, such as inhibition of invasion and proliferation and induction of cell death in cancer cells. The Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is highly expressed in cancer cells and the level of Axl expression is associated with survival, metastasis, and drug resistance of many cancer cells. However, the effect of Axl inhibition on overcoming anti-cancer drugs resistance is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the capability of Axl inhibition as a therapeutic agent for the induction of TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) sensitivity. In this study, R428 markedly sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death, but not in normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) and human umbilical vein cells (EA.hy926). Moreover, knockdown of Axl by siRNA also increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis. R428 decreased c-FLIP proteins levels via induction of miR-708 expression and survivin protein levels at the post-translational level, and we found that knockdown of Axl also decreased both c-FLIP and survivin protein expression. Overexpression of c-FLIP and survivin markedly inhibited R428 plus TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, R428 sensitized cancer cells to multiple anti-cancer drugs-mediated cell death. Our results provide that inhibition of Axl could improve sensitivity to TRAIL through downregulation of c-FLIP and survivin expression in renal carcinoma cells. Taken together, Axl may be a tempting target to overcome TRAIL resistance.

• Authors: Seon Min Woo, Kyoung-Jin Min, Seung Un Seo, Shin Kim, Peter Kubatka, Jong-Wook Park, Taeg Kyu Kwon
• Journal: International journal of molecular sciences (Int J Mol Sci) Vol. 20 Issue 13 (Jul 02 2019) ISSN: 1422-0067 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 31269715 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Benzocycloheptenes
• CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein
• CFLAR protein, human
• Protein Kinase Inhibitors
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins
• Survivin
• TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand
• Triazoles
• bemcentinib
• Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
• Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
• AXL protein, human

Topics

• Apoptosis (drug effects)
• Benzocycloheptenes (pharmacology)
• CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein (genetics)
• Carcinoma, Renal Cell (drug therapy, genetics, metabolism)
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Down-Regulation (drug effects)
• Humans
• Kidney Neoplasms (drug therapy, genetics, metabolism)
• Protein Kinase Inhibitors (pharmacology)
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins (antagonists & inhibitors, metabolism)
• Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (antagonists & inhibitors, metabolism)
• Survivin (genetics)
• TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (metabolism)
• Triazoles (pharmacology)
• Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase