Abstract |
The viridans group streptococci (VGS) are a heterogeneous group of organisms which are important components of the normal human oral flora. Among the VGS, the Streptococcus mitis/oralis subgroup is one of the most common causes of infective endocarditis (IE). Daptomycin (DAP) is a potential alternative therapeutic option for invasive S. mitis infections, given high rates of β- lactam resistance and vancomycin tolerance in such strains. However, the ability of these strains to rapidly evolve high-level and durable DAP resistance (DAP-R) is problematic. Recent data suggest that combination DAP-β- lactam therapy circumvents this issue. Human-simulated dose-escalating DAP-alone dose regimens (6, 8, 10, or 12 mg/kg/day times 4 days) versus DAP (6 mg/kg/day) plus ceftriaxone (CRO) (2 g once daily times 4 days or 0.5 g, single dose) were assessed against two prototypical DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) S. mitis/oralis strains (SF100 and 351), as measured by a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model of simulated endocardial vegetations (SEVs). No DAP-alone regimen was effective, with regrowth of high-level DAP-R isolates observed for both strains over 96-h exposures. Combinations of DAP-CRO with either single- or multidose regimens yielded significant reductions in log10 CFU/g amounts within SEVs for both strains (∼6 log10 CFU/g) within 24 h. In addition, no DAP-R strains were detected in either DAP-CRO combination regimens over the 96-h exposure. In contrast to prior in vitro studies, no perturbations in two key cardiolipin biosynthetic genes (cdsA and pgsA) were identified in DAP-R SEV isolates emerging from strain 351, despite defective phospholipid production. The combination of DAP-CRO warrants further investigation for treatment of IE due to S. mitis/oralis.
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Authors | Razieh Kebriaei, Seth A Rice, Kyle C Stamper, Ravin Seepersaud, Cristina Garcia-de-la-Maria, Nagendra N Mishra, Jose M Miro, Cesar A Arias, Truc T Tran, Paul M Sullam, Arnold S Bayer, Michael J Rybak |
Journal | Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
(Antimicrob Agents Chemother)
Vol. 63
Issue 6
(06 2019)
ISSN: 1098-6596 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 30962347
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology. |
Chemical References |
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
- beta-Lactams
- Vancomycin
- Ceftriaxone
- Daptomycin
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Topics |
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
(administration & dosage)
- Ceftriaxone
(administration & dosage)
- Daptomycin
(administration & dosage)
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial
(drug effects)
- Drug Therapy, Combination
(methods)
- Endocarditis
(drug therapy, microbiology)
- Endocarditis, Bacterial
(drug therapy, microbiology)
- Humans
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
(methods)
- Streptococcus mitis
(drug effects, metabolism)
- Streptococcus oralis
(drug effects, metabolism)
- Vancomycin
(administration & dosage)
- beta-Lactams
(metabolism)
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