Partial trisomy of chromosome 5 was first described by Lejeune et al. in 1964 on the short arm (12). The vast majority of the
partial trisomy 5 cases include 5p duplications; however we reported a small supernumerary
marker chromosome. General symptoms include developmental delay,
mental retardation,
seizures, respiratory difficulties,
congenital heart defects, abdominal muscle hypoplasia and dysmorphic features such as
macrocephaly, enlarged anterior fontanelle, dolichocephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds,
hypertelorism, abnormal ears, midface hypoplasia, short nose, broad nasal bridge and microretrognathia.
Arachnodactyly and club foot may be seen as cytoskeletal abnormalities and,
hypotonia may be determined in neurological exam. Here we reported a case with developmental delay,
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mild
mental retardation and dysmorphic features, caused by a new small supernumerary
marker chromosome, generating
partial trisomy 5pI 2-q 11.2. To our knowledge, this small supernumerary
marker chromosome has not been reported before. Severe type of
partial trisomy 5 includes
seizures,
congenital heart defects,
hypotonia and
failure to thrive. Previously reported
partial trisomy 5 cases, who showed severe phenotype, had usually duplicated 5p13 region. Therefore, patients, who do not have duplicated 5p13, showed mild phenotype. Also, duplication of the long arm of chromosome 5, may contribute to the milder phenotype and the longer survival in
partial trisomy 5 patients.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which we described in the present case, may be a result of
partial trisomy 5, because it includes ADHD4 gene. This case may help better understanding the karyotype/phenotype correlation related to
partial trisomy 5.